Preparation of Standard Solution of Sodium Carbonate

Introduction

The solution of $\mathrm{Na_{2}CO_{3}}$ is prepared from pure quality of chemicals with accurate concentration determines a procedure of standardisation. The solution refers to such a solution of accurately known concentration prepared from its preliminary standard. The primary standard must contain a higher purity level of chemical elements, higher solubility in water, and high molar mass.

What is Sodium Carbonate?

$\mathrm{Na_{2}CO_{3}}$ is greatly distributed in nature. It has many vital applications in different industries for various purposes. The compound is also known as soda ash and is widely applicable in the making process of soap detergent power as well.

Aim of the preparation

The principal aim of this preparation is to produce 250 cm3 of N/10 standard solution of $\mathrm{Na_{2}CO_{3}}$.

Materials required for preparation

The preparation process of $\mathrm{Na_{2}CO_{3}}$ requires some essential pieces of equipment such as, balance, to balance the chemical compounds and watch glasses, a box for keeping weight, and beaker of 250 mL.

Figure 1 − Materials for the preparation

For preparation process, a rod made of glass, a measuring flask of the quantity of around 250 mL, and a bottle for washing along with a weighing test tube are required. $\mathrm{Na_{2}CO_{3}}$, a funnel, and a stand for keeping the funnel as well as some amount of distilled waterare also required for this preparation.

Theory

$\mathrm{Na_{2}CO_{3}}$ is mainly insoluble within the standard solution of NaOH. The insolubile $\mathrm{Na_{2}CO_{3}}$ is settled at the bottom of the test tube when the saturated NaOH is equilibrated for two days. The supernatant is mainly withdrawn very carefully for the preparation of dilute solution of NaOH completely free from carbonate.

Figure 2 − The preparation process of $\mathrm{Na_{2}CO_{3}}$

The distilled water for the preparation of NaOH must be boiled for the removal of any kind of dissolved Carbon Dioxide, as it can cause a mistake in titration process. The equivalent mass must be considered during preparation of a standard solution of $\mathrm{Na_{2}CO_{3}}$. For the solution of 100 mL, 1.325 g of $\mathrm{Na_{2}CO_{3}}$ is required.

Process of preparation

The preparation of $\mathrm{Na_{2}CO_{3}}$ solution is progressed with a proper sequence along with an accurate application of chemical elements.

• Firstly, a watching glass is taken after cleaning it with distilled water and s dry it properly.

• Then weigh the accurate quantity of dried watching glass and keep a note.

• After that, 1.325 g of $\mathrm{Na_{2}CO_{3}}$ poured into it and keep recording.

• Transfer the chemical element with the help of a funnel from the clean glass to the measuring flask.

• The movement of the chemicals with distilled water is seen through the watching glass that mainly sticks to foams in the washing bottle. It should be kept in mind that the volume should not exceed more than 50 ml.

• Then use a water bottle to clean the funnel with distilled water to pass the salt through it.

• One should turn the flask until the chemical element fully dissolved.

• Then, take a water bottle for washing purpose and to make flask for measurement just under the mark.

• The remaining distilled water should be added dropwise into the flask to make level of the meniscus upto the mark.

• Finally, one should use stopper to close the mouth of flask and it must be shaken very softly for making the whole solution. Then, the preparation of N/10 $\mathrm{Na_{2}CO_{3}}$ solution is finished.

Observations

During preparation of the solution of $\mathrm{Na_{2}CO_{3}}$, the actual weight of the watching glass is W1g (say). The weight of the watching glass with the addition of $\mathrm{Na_{2}CO_{3}}$ is W1 + 1.325 g. It is observed from the preparation that the weight of the chemical compound is 1.325 g and the actual volume of the distilled water in this preparation is 250 mL.

Precautions

The preparation process of the solution sometimes may become risky if some precautions are not maintained during the preparation. These are as follow −

• The measuring time of the chemical element is the riskiest, so one should careful during the measurement.

• One should use an apron during the preparation time.

• The bases of the preparation have a higher rate of corrosion so this should be handled carefully.

• The watching glass of this preparation must be dry and the funnel should be washed carefully several times.

• During shaking of solution in flask can be dangerous if carefully not done.

• The addition of the meniscus must not exceed the mark on the flask for measurement.

Conclusion

The preparation process of the standard solution of $\mathrm{Na_{2}CO_{3}}$ is simple and it can be prepared with the help of some specific ingredients. The chemical element preparation process has been done through particular process and using proper pieces of equipment for the perfect outcomes. Some risk factors are also associated with the preparation but can be mitigated with care and using proper techniques.

FAQs

1. What is the difference between molarity and molality?

The molarity of solution refers to the mole number that exists in the per litre solution. Molality refers to the number of moles of solute exists in per kilogram of solvent.

2. What is called acidimetry?

It is a method for determination of acid strength. It is titrated against the alkali standard with the application of a preferable indicator.

3. What is called the basicity of acid?

The acid basicity refers to the number that is replaced with the number of atoms of hydrogen. The atoms exist in each molecule of acid.