When we observe the lower surface of a leaf through a magnifying lens, we see numerous small openings. Which of the following is the term given to such openings?
(a) Stomata
(b) Lamina
(c) Mid rib
(d) Veins
Correct Answer: (a) Stomata
Explanation:
Stomata are the tiny openings, present in the epidermis of leaves, stems, and other organs, to allow the exchange of gases.
The stomatal pore is guarded by two kidney bean-shaped cells known as guard cells. It helps in the closing and opening of the stomatal pore.
Functions:
(i) Stomata allow the exchange of gases. Commonly carbon dioxide is consumed and oxygen is released through stomata during photosynthesis, while oxygen is consumed and carbon dioxide is released through stomata during respiration.
(ii) Through the stomatal pore, the excess amount of water is released from aerial parts of the plant in the form of water vapor through transpiration.
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