Show the formation of Na₂O by the transfer of electrons between the combining atoms.
Why are ionic compounds usually hard?
How is it that ionic compounds in the solid state do not conduct electricity but they do so when in molten state?
What type of chemical bonds are present in CCl₄?
What type of chemical bonds are present in MgCl₂?

Academic Chemistry NCERT Class 10

(a) The electronic configuration of Sodium: 2,8,1 and of Oxygen: 2,6. Hence 2 atoms of sodium donate one electron each to oxygen to get stable 2 [Na⁺] and The oxygen, in turn, get stable by gaining two electrons and form O^2-.

The formation of Na₂O by the transfer of electrons between the combining atoms is given below:

(b) Ionic compounds are usually hard because they have oppositely charged ions that attract each other strongly and forms a crystal structure.

(c) Solid ionic compounds are made up of ions but do not conduct electricity because they are held together by a strong electrostatic force of attraction that restricts movement. In the molten state, the crystal structure is broken and ions move freely. Therefore, it conducts electricity.

(d) 4 covalent bonds are present in carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄).

(e) Ionic bonds are present in MgCl2 where one Mg atom donates 2 electrons to 2 chlorine atoms and become stable.

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Updated on: 10-Oct-2022

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