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How foetus develops in the uterus?
The baby or foetus establish and develops in the stomach or uterus due to the process of fertilization of male gametes and female gametes in the fallopian tube followed by the implantation of the zygote onto the uterus wall.
Following are the steps involved in the process:
- The male gamete sperm fertilizes with the female gamete egg to form a zygote.
- The zygote undergoes different stages of embryonic development. The zygote divides mitotically to form blastomeres with 2, 4, 8, and 16 cells. The 8 to 16 cell stage of blastomeres is called as morula.
- The morula continues mitotic division and forms a blastocyst. Trophoblast is an outer layer of blastocyst which gets attached to the endometrium, the uterine wall. This is known as implantation which starts in the 1st week and gets completed by 2nd week.
- The uterine cells and interdigitated chronic villi of trophoblast form the placenta which provides nourishment and oxygen to the embryo. Placenta acts as an endocrine gland and secretes various hormones for maintenance of pregnancy. These include hCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin), estrogen, and progestogens. In 3rd week Gastrulation takes place where the embryo starts differentiating into three germinal layers called as ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm. The cells present in these germinal layer transform and get differentiated to all the tissues and organs.
- Ectoderm forms the nervous system, brain, spinal cord, epidermis, hair, and nails. Mesoderm forms the connective tissue, muscles, circulatory system, notochord, bone, kidney, and gonads. Endoderm forms the internal organs, stomach, liver, pancreas, bladder, lung, and gut lining.
- In the 1st month hear develops and start working.
- In the 2nd month limbs and digits develop.
- In the 3rd month all major organ systems develop.
- In the 5th month embryo starts moving.
- In the 6th month body gets covered with fine hair.
- In the 9th month the foetus complete its development.
Updated on: 29-Mar-2023
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