Data Structure
Networking
RDBMS
Operating System
Java
MS Excel
iOS
HTML
CSS
Android
Python
C Programming
C++
C#
MongoDB
MySQL
Javascript
PHP
Physics
Chemistry
Biology
Mathematics
English
Economics
Psychology
Social Studies
Fashion Studies
Legal Studies
- Selected Reading
- UPSC IAS Exams Notes
- Developer's Best Practices
- Questions and Answers
- Effective Resume Writing
- HR Interview Questions
- Computer Glossary
- Who is Who
OSI Model in Computer Networking
What is OSI?
The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) developed the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model, which allows different communication systems to communicate via standard protocols. In layman's terms, the OSI establishes a standard for computer systems to communicate with one another.
From the practical implementation of transferring bits via communications media to the highest-level representation of data in a distributed application, the model divides the flow of data in a communication system into seven abstraction levels.
Each intermediary layer provides a class of functionality to the layer above it while also receiving service from the layer below. Standard communication protocols are used to implement classes of functionality in software.
Starting in the late 1970s, the OSI model was created to accommodate the growth of many computer networking systems that were competing for use in big national networking operations throughout the world. The model became a working product of the International Organization for Standardization's Open Systems Interconnection group in the 1980s (ISO).
While intended to provide a full definition of networking, the model failed to gain traction among software architects in the early Internet's architecture, as evidenced by the less prescriptive Internet Protocol Suite, which is primarily sponsored by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF).
How Does the OSI Model Work?
OSI is a model used by IT networking professionals to model or conceive how data is transferred or received over a network. Most IT networking certifications, including the Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) and CompTIA Network+ certification programs, require you to know this. As previously stated, the model is designed to split down data transmission standards, processes, and protocols into seven levels, each of which is responsible for completing certain duties related to data transmission.
The OSI model is based on the communication of two points in a network that is separated into seven levels or functions.
Each layer in this design serves the layer above it, which is in turn served by the layer below it. As a result, data will move down through the levels in the source computer, across the network, and then up through the layers in the receiving computer in a given message between users. Only the top-level application layer does not give services to a higher-level layer.
The Layers of the OSI Model
The OSI model is divided into seven layers, as follows −
- The Physical Layer
- The Data Link Layer
- The Network Layer
- The Transport Layer
- The Session Layer
- The Presentation Layer
- The Application Layer
Characteristics of OSI
The top layer of the OSI model deals mainly with system-related difficulties, which are only used in the software. The program layer is the closest to the user. Software applications communicate with both end-user and application frameworks. A layer that is directly above the other is called the top layer.
The OSI model's lowest layer deals with data transmission difficulties. Hardware and software are used to implement the data link and physical layers. The physical layer is the OSI model's lowest layer, and it's the one nearest to the physical media. The physical layer is primarily in charge of putting data on the physical medium.
Pros and Cons of the OSI Model
There are several advantages to using the OSI model, including the following −
In the field of computer networking, it is regarded as a standard model.
Both connectionless and connection-oriented services are supported by the model. When users need faster data transmissions via the internet, they can use connectionless services, and when they need reliability, they can use the connection-oriented model.
It's adaptable to a wide range of protocols.
Having all services packed in one layer makes the model less adaptive and secure.
The following are some of the drawbacks of the OSI model −
The session layer, which manages sessions, and the presentation layer, which handles user interaction, aren't as useful as the OSI model's other layers.
Some services, such as transport and data-link layers, are repeated at different tiers.
Layers cannot work simultaneously; each layer must wait for data from the preceding layer to be received.
2K+ Views
