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Learn Modern Service Management System (Systemd) on Linux
systemd is a framework and service manager for Linux operating system. At a point when keep running as the first process on boot (as PID 1), it goes about as init system. that raises and keeps up userspace services.This article explains -“Learn modern service management system (Systemd) on Linux”
To get more information about systemd, use the following command as shown below –
$ systemd -h
The sample output should be like this –
Starts up and maintains the system or user services. -h --help Show this help --test Determine startup sequence, dump it and exit --no-pager Do not pipe output into a pager --dump-configuration-items Dump understood unit configuration items --unit=UNIT Set default unit --system Run a system instance, even if PID != 1 --user Run a user instance --dump-core[=BOOL] Dump core on crash --crash-vt=NR Change to specified VT on crash --crash-reboot[=BOOL] Reboot on crash --crash-shell[=BOOL] Run shell on crash .......................................................................................
Version Information
To get the version information about systemd, use the following command as shown below –
$ systemd --version
The sample output should be like this –
systemd 229 +PAM +AUDIT +SELINUX +IMA +APPARMOR +SMACK +SYSVINIT +UTMP +LIBCRYPTSETUP +GCRYPT +GNUTLS +ACL +XZ -LZ4 +SECCOMP +BLKID +ELFUTILS +KMOD -IDN
Determine Startup Sequence
To determine startup sequence, use the following command as shown below –
$ systemd --test
The sample output should be like this –
State Change Timestamp: Mon 2017-01-30 11:15:37 IST Inactive Exit Timestamp: Mon 2017-01-30 11:15:37 IST Active Enter Timestamp: Mon 2017-01-30 11:15:37 IST Active Exit Timestamp: n/a Inactive Enter Timestamp: n/a GC Check Good: yes Need Daemon Reload: no Transient: no Slice: n/a CGroup: n/a CGroup realized: no CGroup mask: 0x0 CGroup members mask: 0x0 Name: sys-devices-platform-serial8250-tty-ttyS26.device Following Set Member: dev-ttyS26.device Job Timeout: 1min 30s ..............................................................................
Understanding unit configuration
To get the dump and to understand unit configuration items, use the following command –
$ systemd --dump-configuration-items
The sample output should be like this –
[Scope] Slice=SLICE CPUAccounting=BOOLEAN CPUShares=SHARES StartupCPUShares=SHARES CPUQuota=OTHER MemoryAccounting=BOOLEAN MemoryLimit=LIMIT DeviceAllow=DEVICE DevicePolicy=POLICY BlockIOAccounting=BOOLEAN BlockIOWeight=WEIGHT StartupBlockIOWeight=WEIGHT BlockIODeviceWeight=DEVICEWEIGHT BlockIOReadBandwidth=BANDWIDTH .....................................................................................
Analyze Systemd Boot Process
To analyze systemd boot process, use the following command –
$ systemd-analyze
The sample output should be like this –
Startup finished in 8.740s (firmware) + 4.483s (loader) + 3.616s (kernel) + 4min 21.244s (userspace) = 4min 38.084s
List of booting process
To get the list booting process and its time, use the following command as shown below –
$ systemd-analyze blame
The sample output should be like this –
3min 59.399s apt-daily.service 16.585s NetworkManager-wait-online.service 11.182s grub-common.service 9.532s apport.service 9.224s irqbalance.service 8.986s networking.service 8.916s snapd.refresh.service 8.859s speech-dispatcher.service 7.709s dev-sda2.device 7.641s gpu-manager.service 7.641s rsyslog.service 7.078s avahi-daemon.service 6.178s lightdm.service ..............................................................................
Control Group Contents
To show control group contents, use the following command as shown below –
$ systemd-cgls
The sample output should be like this –
Control group /: -.slice ├─init.scope │ └─1 /lib/systemd/systemd --system --deserialize 19 ├─system.slice │ ├─avahi-daemon.service │ │ ├─733 avahi-daemon: running [linux-Inspiron-3542.local │ │ └─806 avahi-daemon: chroot helpe │ ├─thermald.service │ │ └─845 /usr/sbin/thermald --no-daemon --dbus-enable │ ├─dbus.service │ │ ├─ 759 /usr/bin/dbus-daemon --system --address=systemd: --nofork --nopidfile --systemd-activ │ │ └─2637 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/fwupd/fwupd │ ├─ModemManager.service │ │ └─871 /usr/sbin/ModemManager │ ├─cron.service │ │ └─850 /usr/sbin/cron -f │ ├─apache2.service │ │ ├─ 4441 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
Top Control groups
To show top control groups by their resource usage, use the following command as shown below –
$sudo systemd-cgtop
The sample output should be like this –
Control Group Tasks %CPU Memory Input/s Output/s / - 20.0 6.3G - - /init.scope 1 - - - - /system.slice 125 - - - - /user.slice 695 - - - - /user.slice/user-1000.slice 654 - - - - /user.slice/user-126.slice 41 - - - -
Systemctl
Systemctl may be used to introspect and manage the state of the “systemd” system and service manager.
To get the more information about systemctl, use the following command as shown below –
$ systemctl --help
The sample output should be like this –
Query or send control commands to the systemd manager. -h --help Show this help --version Show package version --system Connect to system manager --user Connect to user service manager -H --host=[USER@]HOST Operate on remote host -M --machine=CONTAINER Operate on local container -t --type=TYPE List units of a particular type --state=STATE List units with particular LOAD or SUB or ACTIVE state -p --property=NAME Show only properties by this name -a --all Show all loaded units/properties, including dead/empty ones. To list all units installed on the system, use the 'list-unit-files' command instead. -l --full Don't ellipsize unit names on output ...........................................................................
Version Information
To get the version of systemctl, use the following command –
$ systemctl --version
The sample output should be like this –
systemd 229 +PAM +AUDIT +SELINUX +IMA +APPARMOR +SMACK +SYSVINIT +UTMP +LIBCRYPTSETUP +GCRYPT +GNUTLS +ACL +XZ -LZ4 +SECCOMP +BLKID +ELFUTILS +KMOD -IDN
List of all Services
To get the list of all running services, use the following command as shown below –
$ systemctl
The sample output should be like this –
UNIT LOAD ACTIVE SUB DESCRIPTION proc-sys-fs-binfmt_misc.automount loaded active running Arbitrary Executable File Formats F sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:02.0-drm-card0-card0\x2deDP\x2d1-intel_backlight.device loaded sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:03.0-sound-card0.device loaded active plugged Haswell-ULT HD sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:1b.0-sound-card1.device loaded active plugged 8 Series HD Aud sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:1c.2-0000:06:00.0-net-wlp6s0.device loaded active plugged QCA sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:1c.3-0000:07:00.0-net-enp7s0.device loaded active plugged RTL sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:1d.0-usb1-1\x2d1-1\x2d1.6-1\x2d1.6:1.0-bluetooth-hci0.device lo sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:1f.2-ata1-host0-target0:0:0-0:0:0:0-block-sda-sda1.device loade sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:1f.2-ata1-host0-target0:0:0-0:0:0:0-block-sda-sda2.device loade sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:1f.2-ata1-host0-target0:0:0-0:0:0:0-block-sda-sda3.device loade sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:1f.2-ata1-host0-target0:0:0-0:0:0:0-block-sda.device loaded act sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:1f.2-ata2-host1-target1:0:0-1:0:0:0-block-sr0.device loaded act sys-devices-platform-dell\x2dlaptop-leds-dell::kbd_backlight.device loaded active plugged /s sys-devices-platform-serial8250-tty-ttyS0.device loaded active plugged /sys/devices/platform sys-devices-platform-serial8250-tty-ttyS1.device loaded active plugged /sys/devices/platform sys-devices-platform-serial8250-tty-ttyS10.device loaded active plugged /sys/devices/platfor sys-devices-platform-serial8250-tty-ttyS11.device loaded active plugged /sys/devices/platfor sys-devices-platform-serial8250-tty-ttyS12.device loaded active plugged /sys/devices/platfor sys-devices-platform-serial8250-tty-ttyS13.device loaded active plugged /sys/devices/platfor
Start service
To start a service using systemctl, use the following command as shown below –
$ sudo systemctl start application.service
The sample example to start service using systemctl as shown below –
$ sudo systemctl start bluetooth.service
Status of a service
To get the status of bluetooth.service as shown below –
$ systemctl status bluetooth
The sample output should be like this –
bluetooth.service - Bluetooth service Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/bluetooth.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled) Active: active (running) since Fri 2017-01-27 09:32:45 IST; 3 days ago Docs: man:bluetoothd(8) Main PID: 954 (bluetoothd) Status: "Running" CGroup: /system.slice/bluetooth.service └─954 /usr/lib/bluetooth/bluetoothd Jan 30 10:10:22 linux-Inspiron-3542 bluetoothd[954]: gatt-time-server: Input/output error (5) Jan 30 10:10:22 linux-Inspiron-3542 bluetoothd[954]: Not enough free handles to register service Jan 30 10:10:22 linux-Inspiron-3542 bluetoothd[954]: Not enough free handles to register service Jan 30 10:10:22 linux-Inspiron-3542 bluetoothd[954]: Sap driver initialization failed. Jan 30 10:10:22 linux-Inspiron-3542 bluetoothd[954]: sap-server: Operation not permitted (1) Jan 30 10:10:22 linux-Inspiron-3542 bluetoothd[954]: Endpoint registered: sender=:1.68 path=/Med Jan 30 10:10:22 linux-Inspiron-3542 bluetoothd[954]: Endpoint registered: sender=:1.68 path=/Med Jan 30 11:20:54 linux-Inspiron-3542 systemd[1]: Started Bluetooth service. Jan 30 11:21:07 linux-Inspiron-3542 systemd[1]: Started Bluetooth service. Jan 30 11:41:00 linux-Inspiron-3542 systemd[1]: Started Bluetooth service.
Stop a service
To stop a service, use the following command as shown below –
$ sudo systemctl stop bluetooth.service
To verify the above command, use the following command as shown below –
$ systemctl status bluetooth
The sample output should be like this –
bluetooth.service - Bluetooth service Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/bluetooth.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled) Active: inactive (dead) since Mon 2017-01-30 11:45:35 IST; 4s ago Docs: man:bluetoothd(8) Main PID: 954 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Status: "Quitting" ..................................................................................
Restart a service
To restarts a service, use the following command as shown below –
$ sudo systemctl restart bluetooth.service
Enable a service
To enables a service to be started on bootup, use the following command as shown below –
$ sudo systemctl enable bluetooth.service
Disabale a service
To disable a service to be started on bootup, use the following command as shown below –
$ sudo systemctl disable bluetooth.service
To verify whether service is enable or not, use the following command as shown below –
$ sudo systemctl is-enabled bluetooth.service; echo $?
The sample output should be like this –
enabled 0
Mask a service
To mask a service, use the following command as shown below –
$ sudo systemctl mask bluetooth.service
Unmask a service
To unmask a service, use the following command as shown below –
$ sudo systemctl unmask bluetooth.service
Kill a service
To kill a service, use the following command as shown below –
$ sudo systemctl kill bluetooth.service
Configuration details
To get the configuration details of a service, use the following command as shown below –
$ sudo systemctl show bluetooth
The sample output should be like this –
Restart=no NotifyAccess=none RestartUSec=100ms TimeoutStartUSec=1min 30s TimeoutStopUSec=1min 30s RuntimeMaxUSec=infinity WatchdogUSec=0 WatchdogTimestampMonotonic=0 ............................................................
Analyze critical Chain for a service
To analyze critical chain for a services, use the following command as shown below –
$ sudo systemd-analyze critical-chain bluetooth.service
The sample output should be like this –
The time after the unit is active or started is printed after the "@" character. The time the unit takes to start is printed after the "+" character. bluetooth.service +886ms
List of dependecies
To get the list of dependecies, use the following command as shown below –
$ sudo systemctl list-dependencies bluetooth.service
List units of a particular type
To get the list units of a particular type, use the following command as shown below –
systemctl -t mount
The sample output should be like this –
UNIT LOAD ACTIVE SUB DESCRIPTION -.mount loaded active mounted / boot-efi.mount loaded active mounted /boot/efi dev-hugepages.mount loaded active mounted Huge Pages File System dev-mqueue.mount loaded active mounted POSIX Message Queue File System proc-sys-fs-binfmt_misc.mount loaded active mounted Arbitrary Executable File Formats File Syste run-user-1000-gvfs.mount loaded active mounted /run/user/1000/gvfs run-user-1000.mount loaded active mounted /run/user/1000 run-user-126.mount loaded active mounted /run/user/126 sys-fs-fuse-connections.mount loaded active mounted FUSE Control File System sys-kernel-debug.mount loaded active mounted Debug File System ....................................................................
All Loaded Units
To show all loaded units/properties, including dead/empty, use the following command as shown below –
$ systemctl -a
The sample output should be like this –
UNIT LOAD ACTIVE SUB DESCRIPTION proc-sys-fs-binfmt_misc.automount loaded active running Arbitrary Executable File Forma ● org.freedesktop.network1.busname not-found inactive dead org.freedesktop.network1.busnam dev-cdrom.device loaded active plugged HL-DT-ST_DVD+_-RW_GU90N dev-cdrw.device loaded active plugged HL-DT-ST_DVD+_-RW_GU90N dev-disk-by\x2did-ata\x2dHL\x2dDT\x2dST_DVD\x2b_\x2dRW_GU90N_M7FE9H30316.device loaded acti dev-disk-by\x2did-ata\x2dTOSHIBA_MQ01ABD100_X4P6SQD0S.device loaded active plugged TOSH dev-disk-by\x2did-ata\x2dTOSHIBA_MQ01ABD100_X4P6SQD0S\x2dpart1.device loaded active plugg dev-disk-by\x2did-ata\x2dTOSHIBA_MQ01ABD100_X4P6SQD0S\x2dpart2.device loaded active plugg dev-disk-by\x2did-ata\x2dTOSHIBA_MQ01ABD100_X4P6SQD0S\x2dpart3.device loaded active plugg dev-disk-by\x2did-wwn\x2d0x50000395d5887d4c.device loaded active plugged TOSHIBA_MQ01AB dev-disk-by\x2did-wwn\x2d0x50000395d5887d4c\x2dpart1.device loaded active plugged TOSHI dev-disk-by\x2did-wwn\x2d0x50000395d5887d4c\x2dpart2.device loaded active plugged TOSHI dev-disk-by\x2did-wwn\x2d0x50000395d5887d4c\x2dpart3.device loaded active plugged TOSHI dev-disk-by\x2did-wwn\x2d0x5001480000000000.device loaded active plugged HL-DT-ST_DV ..............................................................................................
List of unit files
To get the list of unit files, use the following command as shown below –
$ systemctl list-unit-files
The sample output should be like this –
UNIT FILE STATE proc-sys-fs-binfmt_misc.automount static dev-hugepages.mount static dev-mqueue.mount static proc-sys-fs-binfmt_misc.mount static sys-fs-fuse-connections.mount static sys-kernel-config.mount static sys-kernel-debug.mount static acpid.path enabled cups.path enabled systemd-ask-password-console.path static systemd-ask-password-plymouth.path static systemd-ask-password-wall.path static systemd-networkd-resolvconf-update.path static accounts-daemon.service enabled acpid.service disabled alsa-restore.service static alsa-state.service static alsa-utils.service masked anacron-resume.service enabled anacron.service enabled .................................................
List of specified unit files
To get the list of specified unit files, use the following command as shown below –
$ sudo systemctl list-unit-files --type=moun
The sample output should be like this –
UNIT FILE STATE dev-hugepages.mount static dev-mqueue.mount static proc-sys-fs-binfmt_misc.mount static sys-fs-fuse-connections.mount static sys-kernel-config.mount static sys-kernel-debug.mount static 6 unit files listed. ......................................................
Unit list of Host and Local Containers
To show unit list of host and local containers, use the following command as shown below –
$ sudo systemctl -r
The sample output should be like this –
UNIT LOAD ACTIVE SUB DESCRIPTION proc-sys-fs-binfmt_misc.automount loaded active running Arbitrary Executable File Formats F sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:02.0-drm-card0-card0\x2deDP\x2d1-intel_backlight.device loaded sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:03.0-sound-card0.device loaded active plugged Haswell-ULT HD sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:1b.0-sound-card1.device loaded active plugged 8 Series HD Aud sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:1c.2-0000:06:00.0-net-wlp6s0.device loaded active plugged QCA sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:1c.3-0000:07:00.0-net-enp7s0.device loaded active plugged RTL sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:1d.0-usb1-1\x2d1-1\x2d1.6-1\x2d1.6:1.0-bluetooth-hci0.device lo sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:1f.2-ata1-host0-target0:0:0-0:0:0:0-block-sda-sda1.device loade sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:1f.2-ata1-host0-target0:0:0-0:0:0:0-block-sda-sda2.device loade sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:1f.2-ata1-host0-target0:0:0-0:0:0:0-block-sda-sda3.device loade sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:1f.2-ata1-host0-target0:0:0-0:0:0:0-block-sda.device loaded act sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:1f.2-ata2-host1-target1:0:0-1:0:0:0-block-sr0.device loaded act sys-devices-platform-dell\x2dlaptop-leds-dell::kbd_backlight.device loaded active plugged ............................................................................................
Queued Jobs
To specify how to deal with already queued jobs, when queueing a new job, use the following command as shown below –
$ systemctl --job-mode=active
The sample output should be like this –
UNIT LOAD ACTIVE SUB DESCRIPTION proc-sys-fs-binfmt_misc.automount loaded active running Arbitrary Executable File Formats F sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:02.0-drm-card0-card0\x2deDP\x2d1-intel_backlight.device loaded sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:03.0-sound-card0.device loaded active plugged Haswell-ULT HD sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:1b.0-sound-card1.device loaded active plugged 8 Series HD Aud sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:1c.2-0000:06:00.0-net-wlp6s0.device loaded active plugged QCA sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:1c.3-0000:07:00.0-net-enp7s0.device loaded active plugged RTL sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:1d.0-usb1-1\x2d1-1\x2d1.6-1\x2d1.6:1.0-bluetooth-hci0.device lo sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:1f.2-ata1-host0-target0:0:0-0:0:0:0-block-sda-sda1.device loade sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:1f.2-ata1-host0-target0:0:0-0:0:0:0-block-sda-sda2.device loade sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:1f.2-ata1-host0-target0:0:0-0:0:0:0-block-sda-sda3.device loade sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:1f.2-ata1-host0-target0:0:0-0:0:0:0-block-sda.device loaded act sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:1f.2-ata2-host1-target1:0:0-1:0:0:0-block-sr0.device loaded act sys-devices-platform-dell\x2dlaptop-leds-dell::kbd_backlight.device loaded active plugged /s sys-devices-platform-serial8250-tty-ttyS0.device loaded active plugged /sys/devices/platform sys-devices-platform-serial8250-tty-ttyS1.device loaded active plugged /sys/devices/platform sys-devices-platform-serial8250-tty-ttyS10.device loaded active plugged /sys/devices/platfor sys-devices-platform-serial8250-tty-ttyS11.device loaded active plugged /sys/devices/platfor sys-devices-platform-serial8250-tty-ttyS12.device loaded active plugged /sys/devices/platfor sys-devices-platform-serial8250-tty-ttyS13.device loaded active plugged /sys/devices/platfor sys-devices-platform-serial8250-tty-ttyS14.device loaded active plugged /sys/devices/plat ..............................................................................................
Socket Types
To get the all socket types, use the following command as shown below –
$ systemctl --show-types
The sample output should be like this –
UNIT LOAD ACTIVE SUB DESCRIPTION proc-sys-fs-binfmt_misc.automount loaded active running Arbitrary Executable File Formats F sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:02.0-drm-card0-card0\x2deDP\x2d1-intel_backlight.device loaded sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:03.0-sound-card0.device loaded active plugged Haswell-ULT HD sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:1b.0-sound-card1.device loaded active plugged 8 Series HD Aud sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:1c.2-0000:06:00.0-net-wlp6s0.device loaded active plugged QCA sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:1c.3-0000:07:00.0-net-enp7s0.device loaded active plugged RTL sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:1d.0-usb1-1\x2d1-1\x2d1.6-1\x2d1.6:1.0-bluetooth-hci0.device lo sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:1f.2-ata1-host0-target0:0:0-0:0:0:0-block-sda-sda1.device loade sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:1f.2-ata1-host0-target0:0:0-0:0:0:0-block-sda-sda2.device loade sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:1f.2-ata1-host0-target0:0:0-0:0:0:0-block-sda-sda3.device loade sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:1f.2-ata1-host0-target0:0:0-0:0:0:0-block-sda.device loaded act sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:1f.2-ata2-host1-target1:0:0-1:0:0:0-block-sr0.device loaded act sys-devices-platform-dell\x2dlaptop-leds-dell::kbd_backlight.device loaded active plugged /s sys-devices-platform-serial8250-tty-ttyS0.device loaded active plugged /sys/devices/platform sys-devices-platform-serial8250-tty-ttyS1.device loaded active plugged /sys/devices/platf ........................................................................................
Ignore inhibitors
To ignore inhibitors, when shutting down or sleeping. Use the following command as shown below –
$ systemctl -i
The sample output should be like this –
UNIT LOAD ACTIVE SUB DESCRIPTION proc-sys-fs-binfmt_misc.automount loaded active running Arbitrary Executable File Formats F sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:02.0-drm-card0-card0\x2deDP\x2d1-intel_backlight.device loaded sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:03.0-sound-card0.device loaded active plugged Haswell-ULT HD sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:1b.0-sound-card1.device loaded active plugged 8 Series HD Aud sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:1c.2-0000:06:00.0-net-wlp6s0.device loaded active plugged QCA sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:1c.3-0000:07:00.0-net-enp7s0.device loaded active plugged RTL sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:1d.0-usb1-1\x2d1-1\x2d1.6-1\x2d1.6:1.0-bluetooth-hci0.device lo sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:1f.2-ata1-host0-target0:0:0-0:0:0:0-block-sda-sda1.device loade sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:1f.2-ata1-host0-target0:0:0-0:0:0:0-block-sda-sda2.device loade sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:1f.2-ata1-host0-target0:0:0-0:0:0:0-block-sda-sda3.device loade sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:1f.2-ata1-host0-target0:0:0-0:0:0:0-block-sda.device loaded act sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:1f.2-ata2-host1-target1:0:0-1:0:0:0-block-sr0.device loaded act sys-devices-platform-dell\x2dlaptop-leds-dell::kbd_backlight.device loaded active plugged /s sys-devices-platform-serial8250-tty-ttyS0.device loaded active plugged /sys/devices/platform sys-devices-platform-serial8250-tty-ttyS1.device loaded active plugged /sys/devices/platform sys-devices-platform-serial8250-tty-ttyS10.device loaded active plugged /sys/devices/platfor sys-devices-platform-serial8250-tty-ttyS11.device loaded active plugged /sys/devices/platfor sys-devices-platform-serial8250-tty-ttyS12.device loaded active plugged /sys/devices/platfor sys-devices-platform-serial8250-tty-ttyS13.device loaded active plugged /sys/devices/plat ............................................................................................
List of Socket information
To get the list of socket information, use the following command as shown below
$sudo systemctl list-unit-files --type=socket
The sample output should be like this –
UNIT FILE STATE acpid.socket enabled apport-forward.socket enabled avahi-daemon.socket enabled cups.socket enabled dbus.socket static saned.socket disabled snapd.socket enabled syslog.socket static systemd-bus-proxyd.socket static systemd-fsckd.socket static systemd-initctl.socket static ........................................................................
Enable the Socket
To enable the socket, use the following command as shown below –
$ sudo systemctl start saned.socket
In the above command saned.socket is unit file.
Stop The socket
To stop the socket, use the following command as shown below –
$ sudo systemctl stop saned.socket
Restart The socket
To restart the socket, use the following command as shown below –
$ sudo systemctl restart saned.socket
Reload the socket
To reload the socket, use the following command as shown below –
$ sudo systemctl reload saned.socket
Enable the socket
To enable the socket, use the following command as shown below –
$ sudo systemctl enable saned.socket
Disable The socket
To disable the socket, use the following command as shown below –
$ sudo systemctl disable saned.socket
Mask the socket
To mask the socket, use the following command as shown below –
$ sudo systemctl mask saned.socket
Unmask the Socket
To unmask the socket, use the following command as shown below –
$ sudo systemctl unmask saned.socket
Status of the socket
To get the status of socket, use the following command as shown below –
$ sudo systemctl status saned.socket
The sample output should be like this –
saned.socket - saned incoming socket Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/saned.socket; disabled; vendor preset: enabled) Active: active (listening) since Mon 2017-01-30 12:30:05 IST; 2min 59s ago Listen: [::]:6566 (Stream) Accepted: 0; Connected: 0 Jan 30 12:30:05 linux-Inspiron-3542 systemd[1]: Listening on saned incoming socket.
Reboot The system
To reboot the system, use the following command as shown below –
$sudo systemctl reboot
Suspend the system
To suspend the system, use the following command as shown below –
$sudo systemctl suspend
Hibernate The system
To hibernate the system, use the following command as shown below –
$sudo systemctl hibernate
Switch off The system
To switch off the system, use the following command as shown below –
$ sudo systemctl poweroff
Shutdown The system
To shutdown the system, use the following command as shown below –
$sudo systemctl halt
In this article, we have learnt about – Learn modern service management system (Systemd) on Linux, we will come up with more Linux based tricks and tips. Keep reading!
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