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Internal Combustion Engine Vs. Electric Vehicles
Internal Combustion Engine Vehicle
Vehicles with an Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) use fuel which combusts inside a combustion chamber with the help of an oxidizer (generally oxygen from air).
Electric Vehicle
A type of vehicle that uses one or more electric motor for propulsion is known as electric vehicle (EV). In simple words, we can say the electric vehicles are the automobiles that are propelled by one or more electric motors using the energies stored in batteries.
Comparison between IC Engine Vehicle and Electric Vehicle
The following table highlights the points that differentiate an IC Engine Vehicle from an Electric Vehicle −
| Point of Comparison | Internal Combustion Engine Vehicle | Electric Vehicle |
|---|---|---|
| Source of power | The source of power for ICEV is different types of fuels such as diesel or petrol. | Electricity obtained from charged batteries, ultra-capacitors, etc. is the source of power in electric vehicles. |
| Prime mover | Internal combustion engine (ICE) is the prime mover or powertrain. | Electric motor is the prime mover in the electric vehicles. |
| Specific energy | There is high specific energy of fuel. | In electric vehicles, low specific energy of battery. |
| Power density | Fuels used in ICEV have high power density. | In power density of power source is low. |
| Impact on Environment | ICEV emits green-house gases which have adverse effect on environment. | EV does not have adverse effect on environment. |
| Travelling distance | ICEV can travel more than around 300 miles per fill. | EV travels less than around 100 miles per charge. |
| Refilling time | ICEV requires less refilling time (approx. less than 5 min.). | EV has long charging time, about 0.5 to 8 hours. |
| Space & weight fuel tank | In ICEV, fuel tank takes less space and the weight of fuel is very less. | In EV, batter bank takes large. Also, the batteries are very heavy. |
| Maintenance & running costs | The maintenance and running costs of internal combustion engine vehicles are high. | The electric vehicles require low running and maintenance costs. |
| Efficiency | The efficiency of IC engines is about 30%. | The electric motors used in electric vehicles have approximately 80% efficiency. |
| Noise production | IC engine vehicles produces noise. | Electric vehicles have noise free operation. |
| Recovery of braking energy | In case of IC engine vehicles, the braking energy cannot be recovered. | In case of EVs, the braking energy can be recovered by using regenerative braking. |
| Time required for maximum torque | IC engine vehicles require to pick up some speed to deliver maximum torque. | Electric vehicles produce maximum torque instantly after starting of motor. |
| Capital cost | IC engine vehicles have average initial cost. | The initial cost of electric vehicles is high. |
| Power transmission | In IC engine vehicles, the system of power transmission from source to load is mechanical only. | Electric vehicles have both mechanical as well as electrical power transmission system. |
Updated on: 27-Apr-2022
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