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How to prevent Reflection to break a Singleton Class Pattern?
A Singleton pattern states that a class can have a single instance and multiple instances are not permitted to be created. For this purpose, we make the constructor of the class a private and return a instance via a static method. But using reflection, we can still create multiple instance of a class by modifying the constructor scope. See the example below −
Example - Breaking Singleton
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
public class Tester {
public static void main(String[] args) throws
InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException,
IllegalArgumentException, InvocationTargetException{
A a = A.getInstance();
A b = null;
Constructor<?>[] constructors = A.class.getDeclaredConstructors();
for (Constructor constructor : constructors) {
//make the private constructor as public
constructor.setAccessible(true);
b = (A) constructor.newInstance();
break;
}
System.out.println(a.hashCode());
System.out.println(b.hashCode());
}
}
class A implements Serializable {
private static A a;
private A(){}
public static A getInstance(){
if(a == null){
a = new A();
}
return a;
}
}Output
705927765 366712642
Here you can see, we've created another object of a Singleton class. Let's see how to prevent such a situation −
Create A using Enum instead of Class.
Example - Protecting Singleton
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
public class Tester {
public static void main(String[] args) throws
InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException,
IllegalArgumentException, InvocationTargetException{
A a = A.INSTANCE;
A b = A.INSTANCE;
System.out.println(a.hashCode());
System.out.println(b.hashCode());
}
}
enum A implements Serializable {
INSTANCE;
}Output
705927765 705927765
Updated on: 23-Jun-2020
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