Difference Between Genome Sequencing and Genome Mapping

Genome sequence and genome map are both engravings of a genome.

Genome mapping is useful for pinpointing the location of and determining the proximity of individual genes. The Human Genome Project (HGP) is a worldwide scientific endeavour that can make use of this technique as a foundational first step. Low-resolution and high-resolution physical mapping, restriction enzymes as microscopic scalpels, genetic linkage maps, macro-restriction maps as a top-down approach, and contig maps as a bottom-up approach are all examples of mapping methods. Chromosome Isolation (Flow Sorting and Somatic Cell Hybridization)

Genome sequencing is a technique for evaluating the whole deoxyribonucleic acid sequence of a cell or organism in a single experiment. Whole-genome sequencing is another phrase for genomic analysis. Whole genome shotgun sequencing and the clone-by-clone technique are two sequencing approaches (does not require a genome map).

There is an effort to employ this technique as a research tool to aid in the development of therapeutic or pharmacological therapies.

What is Genome Sequencing?

Evaluation of the nucleic acid sequence, or the order of nucleotides (the fundamental building unit of nucleic acids) in DNA, is accomplished by a process known as genome sequencing. Adenine (A), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C), and Thymine (T) are the four nitrogenous biological components that make up DNA (T)

What is Genome Mapping?

It's a map of the human genome's internal structure. A genetic map is a useful tool for locating markers along the chromosomes (a lengthy molecule of Deoxyribonucleic acid containing a portion or the full genome of an organism).

Similarities: Genome Sequencing and Genome Mapping

  • Both are methods for analyzing genomes

  • Both are used to figure out the location of the genes

  • Also, both processes help in assessing illness/disease causing genes in the genome.

Differences: Genome Sequencing and Genome Mapping

The following table highlights the major differences between Genome Sequencing and Genome Mapping −

Characteristics

Genome Sequencing

Genome Mapping

Definition

DNA and RNA are composed of organic molecules called nucleotides, and gene sequencing requires determining the precise sequence of these building blocks.

The information provided by gene sequencing is more exhaustive and detailed than any previously available.

Generating a chromosomal blueprint, or "genome map," involves identifying and placing DNA sequences on chromosomes.

Methods

  • Shotgun sequencing

  • Pyrosequencing

  • DNA nanoball sequencing

  • Heliscope single molecule sequencing

  • Single molecule real time sequencing (SMRT)

  • Nanopore DNA sequencing

  • Examination of family histories (pedigrees)

  • Cross-breeding experiments

  • Molecular biology techniques

  • Linkage analysis

  • STS mapping

  • FISH

  • Restriction mapping

  • Fingerprint mapping

Advantages

  • Helps in gathering information about medical value for future care. Helps in gaining knowledge about the type of genetic information, a DNA carries.

  • It gives information on genetic adaptations that can cause an illness or disease or can elevate the risk of illness development, even in people without any symptoms (asymptomatic people)

  • Technical accuracy

  • Safeguarding of information

  • Single test in a lifetime

  • Cascade testing to other family members

  • Information of value to future generations in a client’s family

  • Staying ahead of nongenetic healthcare providers

  • Sense of empowerment

  • Medicines

  • Agricultural adaptations – improved agriculture and livestock

  • Diagnosis of illness/disease

  • Better understanding of evolution and human migration

  • Energy and environment

  • Forensics

  • More accurate risk assessment

Time and Cost

This is a very pricey method and is also time-consuming

Genome mapping is not expensive and is a cheap method. It also takes very less time.

Conclusion

In conclusion, gene sequencing offers complete and comprehensive details, while gene mapping offers lesser details.

Updated on: 26-Apr-2023

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