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Common string operations in Python
The string module in Python’s standard library provides following useful constants, classes and a helper function called capwords()
Constants
| ascii_letters | The concatenation of lowercase and uppercase constants. |
| ascii_lowercase | The lowercase letters 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz' |
| ascii_uppercase | The uppercase letters 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ' |
| digits | The string '0123456789'. |
| hexdigits | The string '0123456789abcdefABCDEF'. |
| octdigits | The string '01234567'. |
| punctuation | String of ASCII characters which are considered punctuation characters. |
| printable | String of ASCII characters digits, ascii_letters, punctuation, andwhitespace. |
| whitespace | A string containing all ASCII characters that are consideredwhitespace such as space, tab, linefeed, return, formfeed, andvertical tab. |
Output
>>> import string
>>> string.ascii_letters
'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'
>>> string.ascii_lowercase
'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'
>>> string.ascii_uppercase
'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'
>>> string.digits
'0123456789'
>>> string.hexdigits
'0123456789abcdefABCDEF'
>>> string.octdigits
'01234567'
>>> string.printable
'0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ!"#$%&\'()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\]^_`{|}~ \t\n\r\x0b\x0c'
>>> string.punctuation
'!"#$%&\'()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\]^_`{|}~'
>>> string.whitespace
' \t\n\r\x0b\x0c'Capwords() function
This function performs following −
Splits the given string argument into words using str.split().
Capitalizes each word using str.capitalize()
and joins the capitalized words using str.join().
Example
>>> text='All animals are equal. Some are more equal' >>> string.capwords(text) 'All Animals Are Equal. Some Are More Equal'
Formatter class
Python’s built-in str class has format() method using which string can be formatted. Formatter object behaves similarly. This may be useful to write customized formatter class by subclassing this Formatter class.
>>> from string import Formatter
>>> f=Formatter()
>>> f.format('name:{name}, age:{age}, marks:{marks}', name='Rahul', age=30, marks=50)
'name:Rahul, age:30, marks:50'Template
This class is used to create a string template. It proves useful for simpler string substitutions.
>>> from string import Template >>> text='My name is $name. I am $age years old' >>> t=Template(text) >>> t.substitute(name='Rahul', age=30) 'My name is Rahul. I am 30 years old'
Updated on: 30-Jul-2019
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