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Articles by Vishala M
Page 4 of 4
Estimation of DNA Purity
Introduction Purity of DNA refers to the DNA which is free of any protein, RNA or any other contaminant attached to it. Even after extraction of the DNA some impurities remain attached which can be removed by using certain chemical or enzymes. This step ensures the success of immediate and downstream application of DNA. Purification of DNA The cell is lysed by using various physical and chemical methods to release the DNA from the nucleus. Once DNA has been extracted, cellular debris remain attached to it in the form of protein, which are removed by using the proteinase enzyme or ...
Read MoreWhat is DNA Extraction?
Introduction DNA isolation is a technique of extraction of DNA either by physical or chemical method from a given sample of organism. Only isolation is not enough the extracted DNA should be of good quality too. Generally, DNA can be extracted from a wide variety of samples like from prokaryotes which include bacteria, and from eukaryotic organisms, example from human samples like frozen tissues, blood, body fluids like semen, formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissues, aspirates like ovum, etc. Can be used for extraction of DNA. Principle Involved in the Extraction of DNA DNA was first extracted by Friedrich Miescher in ...
Read MoreWhat is Diversity Array Technology (DArT)?
Introduction Genetic diversity can be defined as the variation in the traits that are passed from one generation to another within a species. More is the genetic diversity more is the variation in the traits. This genetic variation can be utilized to determine the sequence information of an individual. Utilization of genetic diversity to analyse and create genetic map is called diversity arrays technology (DArT). DArT is a comparatively newer approach to assess polymorphism which has been developed due to limitations of existing molecular marker techniques. This technique has been successfully utilized in the plant breeding programmes. What is ...
Read MoreWhat Are the Differences Between Neofuctionalization and Subfunctionalization?
Introduction The generalization made by Theodosius has been validated by recent progress in the field of molecular biology and biochemistry. All modern organisms have been derived from common ancestor by a series of small changes, each change is attributed a selective advantage over the other, this is strongly supported by the similarity of their metabolic pathways and gene sequences across the phyla. Occasional inheritable mutations yield organisms that are suited for better survival in ecological niche and progeny that are preferentially selected. This process of mutation and selection is the basis for the Darwinian evolution that led from the ...
Read MoreFundamentals of Cytogenetics and The Techniques Used
Introduction Chromosomes are thin fibre like structure that forms the most important part of the genetic material and is mostly confined inside the nucleus in eukaryotic cells. During cell division chromatin condense to form rod like structures containing centromere and chromatids. Chromosomes are composed of DNA, histone proteins and non-histone proteins. Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes which contain genes that are responsible for a character any abnormality in these chromosomes may lead to genetic diseases. Cytogenetics is the field of biology that deals with the study of these chromosomes. Cytogenetics and Its History Cytogenetics can be defined as ...
Read MoreWhat Is a Bacteriophage and Describe Its Life Cycle?
Introduction Bacteriophages as the name suggests are a class of viruses that feed on bacteria and archaea. In other words, they can be called the viruses of bacteria. They do not have any location but are found everywhere that is they are ubiquitous organisms. Since their discovery, they have been found to be of great importance as tools in molecular biology and recombinant DNA technology. Nowadays they are used as vectors to carry segments of DNA of interest to the host genome. Scientists are studying more about their evolution and their role in natural ecosystems. In this section, we will ...
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