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Articles by Tapas Kumar Ghosh
Page 4 of 19
What all is inherited from parent class in C++?
In C++, when a class inherits from another class, it inherits all members from parent class, but their accessibility are based on access specifiers. Key Points on What Inherits from Parent Class Following are some points on derived class inherits from its parent: The derived class can inherit data members, member functions of base class. If the data members are public, they can be accessed by derived class, same class and outside the class. If data members are protected, they can be accessed by derived and same ...
Read MoreHow do I convert a char to an int in C and C++?
In C/C++, char represents a single character, whereas int is an integer that can store both positive and negative values, but not fractional or decimal values. If you are given a character and want to convert it into an integer, it is easy and can be achieved with the different approaches. In this article, we will learn how we can convert a given character to an integer with different approaches. The following are some of the ways to convert a character to an integer: Using sscanf() Function Using atoi() Function ...
Read MoreCan main() be overloaded in C++?
In every C/C++ program, execution starts from the main() function. Defining multiple main() functions will result in a compilation error. Can main() be Overloaded in C++? No, we cannot overload the main() function in C++ because main() serves as the entry point of any C++ program and must follow a predefined prototype. While C++ does support function overloading (i.e., multiple functions with the same name but different parameters), this does not apply to the main() function. If you try to create multiple main() functions will result in a compilation error due to invalid overloading. The following are the only two ...
Read MoreC++ Program to Calculate Difference Between Two Time Period
There are two time periods provided in the form of hours, minutes and seconds. Then their difference is calculated. For example: Time period 1 = 8:6:2 Time period 2 = 3:9:3 Time Difference is 4:56:59 C++ Program to Find Difference Between Two Times To find the time differences then check whether we need to borrow time, for example, adding 60 seconds if the second time has more seconds. Then just subtract the hours, minutes, and seconds of the second time from the first time to get the result. Example In this example, you will see the time difference of ...
Read MorePure Function in C++
Pure functions always return the same result for the same argument values. They only return the result and there are no extra side effects like argument modification, I/O stream, output generation etc. Following are the examples of pure vs impure functions: Pure Function: sin(), strlen(), sqrt(), max(), pow(), floor() etc. Impure Function: rand(), time(), etc. There are many pure functions in C language such as strlen(), strcmp(), strchr(), strrchr(), strstr(), toupper(), tolower(), abs(), sin(), cos(), sqrt(), exp(), log(), pow(), fabs(), etc. Here we are explaining a few pure functions with ...
Read MoreGenerating random number in a range in C
To print random numbers within a range, we will have two input variables where we need to set the maximum and minimum values. Using these two values, we can display a random value within the specified range. Example Following is the input-output statement to understand the range of a random number: Input: min = 4, max = 14 Output: 8, 10, 7 Explanation: Any numeric value between 4 and 14 can be displayed in the specified range. Generate Random Number Within a Range Using rand() with Modulus The rand() function generates the random number while modulus operator return ...
Read MoreHow to declare a global variable in C++
In C++, a global variable is a variable that is declared outside of any function or class. It can be accessible from any part of the function. Declaration of a Global Variable The global variables are declared after the heading file inclusions section and before starting the main() function. The declaration is simple just like a normal variable declaration. You need to use data type and variable name. You can also initialize them if required. Syntax The following is the basic syntax of declaring global variable: datatype global_var_name = var_value; Example of Global Variable Declaration In this example, we ...
Read MorePre-increment and Post-increment concept in C/C++?
Both pre-increment and post-increment are used to represent the expression of increasing a value by adding 1. Their behavior are different because pre-increment (++i) increases the value before it is used in an expression, while post-increment (i++) increases it after. Below is the key-terms of pre-increment and post-increment in C/C++: Pre-increment (++i) : Before assigning the value to the variable, the value is incremented by one. Post-increment (i++) : After assigning the value to the variable, the value is incremented. Syntax of Using Pre and Post Increment Operators The following is the basic syntax of pre-increment and post-increment ...
Read MoreC++ Program to Add Two Distances (in inch-feet) System Using Structures
A structure is a collection of items of different data types. It is very useful in creating complex data structures with different data type records. A structure is defined with the struct keyword. An example of a structure is as follows: struct DistanceFI { int feet; int inch; }; The above structure defines a distance in the form of feet and inches. Example of Adding Two Distances (inch-feet) Using Structure The program uses a structure named DistanceFI to represent a distance in terms of feet and inches. It creates two different ...
Read MoreC++ Program to Sort Elements in Lexicographical Order (Dictionary Order)
Lexicographical order denotes the way the words are ordered in a list, based on alphabetical order according to their alphabets. For example: List of words: Harry Adam Sam Lexicographical order of words: Adam Harry Sam Sorting String Based on Lexicographical Order To implement the string in lexicographical order, use the two different iterators: one to point at the current string, and the other to compare it with the next strings in the array. If the first iterator points to a string that is greater than the one pointed to by the second iterator, then we swap ...
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