Article Categories
- All Categories
-
Data Structure
-
Networking
-
RDBMS
-
Operating System
-
Java
-
MS Excel
-
iOS
-
HTML
-
CSS
-
Android
-
Python
-
C Programming
-
C++
-
C#
-
MongoDB
-
MySQL
-
Javascript
-
PHP
-
Economics & Finance
Articles by Satish Kumar
Page 75 of 94
Access and trunk ports
In computer networking, access and trunk ports are two fundamental types of switch ports that manage network traffic differently. Access ports connect individual end devices to a single VLAN, while trunk ports carry traffic from multiple VLANs between network devices like switches and routers. Understanding these port types is essential for proper VLAN implementation and network segmentation in modern switched networks. Access Ports Access ports are the simplest type of switch port, designed to connect end devices such as computers, printers, and IP phones. Each access port belongs to exactly one VLAN, and all traffic from the ...
Read MoreActive Directory PenTesting
In today's digital world, cyber attacks are becoming increasingly sophisticated, and organizations must continuously monitor and improve their security measures. Penetration testing, commonly known as pen testing, is a crucial step in identifying vulnerabilities and weaknesses in an organization's systems, networks, and applications. One critical area that needs to be tested is the organization's Active Directory (AD). Active Directory pen testing helps organizations proactively identify security gaps before malicious actors can exploit them, making it an essential component of comprehensive cybersecurity strategy. What is Active Directory? Active Directory is a directory service developed by Microsoft for managing ...
Read MoreEtherChannel in Computer Network
In modern computer networks, high availability and increased bandwidth are essential requirements. EtherChannel is a link aggregation technique used to combine multiple physical links into one logical link, providing enhanced performance and redundancy. What is EtherChannel? EtherChannel is a link aggregation technique that bundles multiple physical links between network devices into a single logical link. This creates a high-bandwidth connection while providing redundancy and load balancing capabilities. When multiple physical links are bundled together, they appear as a single logical interface to the network devices. EtherChannel Link Aggregation ...
Read MoreEthernet Frame Format
Ethernet is a widely used local area networking technology that enables devices to communicate with each other. Ethernet frames are the basic units of data that are transmitted over Ethernet networks. In this article, we will explore the Ethernet frame format in detail, including the various fields that make up the frame and the purpose of each field. Introduction to Ethernet Frames An Ethernet frame is a packet of data that is transmitted over an Ethernet network. The frame is composed of a header, a payload, and a trailer. The header and trailer contain information about the frame, ...
Read MoreEthernet Transmitter Algorithm
The Ethernet Transmitter Algorithm is a comprehensive set of protocols and mechanisms that govern how data packets are transmitted over Ethernet networks. This algorithm ensures efficient data transmission while minimizing packet loss and maximizing network performance across local area networks (LANs). The algorithm encompasses multiple components working together to manage carrier sensing, collision detection, frame formatting, flow control, and quality of service. Understanding these mechanisms is essential for network administrators optimizing Ethernet network performance. Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) CSMA/CD is the fundamental access control mechanism in traditional Ethernet networks. Before transmitting, devices must ...
Read Moreifconfig vs ip What\'s Difference and Comparing Network Configuration?
As network administrators or anyone working with network troubleshooting, you will often encounter the commands ifconfig and ip. Both these commands are used in Unix-based operating systems for network interface configuration, but they have significant differences in capabilities, syntax, and maintenance status. Introduction to Ifconfig Ifconfig (Interface Configuration) is a system administration utility in Unix and Unix-like operating systems to configure, control, and query TCP/IP network interface parameters. It is part of the net-tools package which has been present since the early days of Linux. Let's examine a basic ifconfig command: $ ifconfig ...
Read MoreBerkeley's Algorithm
Berkeley's Algorithm is a distributed algorithm for computing the correct time in a network of computers. The algorithm is designed to work in a network where clocks may be running at slightly different rates, and some computers may experience intermittent communication failures. The basic idea behind Berkeley's Algorithm is that each computer in the network periodically sends its local time to a designated master computer, which then computes the correct time for the network based on the received timestamps. The master computer then sends the correct time back to all the computers in the network, and each computer adjusts ...
Read MoreBifid Cipher in Cryptography
The Bifid Cipher is a polygraphic substitution cipher invented by French amateur cryptographer Felix Delastelle in the late 19th century. Unlike monoalphabetic ciphers such as the Caesar Cipher, it encrypts pairs of letters at a time, making it significantly more secure. The cipher is based on a Polybius square, a 5×5 grid containing the alphabet (usually combining I and J into one cell). The grid is typically filled using a keyword first, followed by the remaining letters of the alphabet in order. Polybius Square with Keyword "CRYPTO" ...
Read MoreBinary Synchronous Communication (BISYNC)
Binary Synchronous Communication (BISYNC) is a character-oriented communication protocol developed by IBM that uses synchronous transmission to transfer data between devices. In BISYNC, data is transmitted in structured blocks called frames, which include control characters for synchronization and error detection. BISYNC was designed to provide reliable data communication by using a complex set of control characters to manage data flow and maintain synchronization between sender and receiver. The protocol uses either EBCDIC or ASCII encoding for character representation and was commonly used with 3270 terminals for mainframe communication. BISYNC Frame Structure ...
Read MoreBirman Schiper Stephenson Protocol
The Birman-Schiper-Stephenson (BSS) Protocol is a distributed computing protocol designed to maintain consistent shared state across a group of computers despite potential failures. First described by Michael Birman, Roger Schiper, and Tom Stephenson in 1985, this protocol provides a robust foundation for distributed systems requiring fault tolerance and consistency guarantees. In the BSS Protocol, each computer acts as a replica maintaining a copy of the shared state. The replicas communicate through message passing operations, coordinated by a circulating token that serves as a marker for the current state. This token-based approach ensures orderly state updates and maintains consistency across ...
Read More