What is POP3 (Post Office Protocol 3)? Post Office Protocol version 3 (POP3) is a standard protocol used by email clients to retrieve email messages from a mail server. It is a simple, text-based protocol that allows a client to connect to a server, retrieve email messages, and mark them ... Read More

Overview By utilizing Bash scripts, we can have access to a powerful programming language. Writing such scripts is an efficient way to run several commands one after the other. Even if one command fails, the others will still be executed. We’ll learn how we can add some safeguards so that ... Read More

Overview The zip command is one of the most useful tools available on any operating system. It allows you to compress multiple files into a single compressed archive file. You can then decompress that archive file using the unzip command. This tutorial will show you how to use the zip ... Read More

Overview As a Linux system administrator, dealing with processes is a frequent task. Generally, they're easy to stop, however in certain cases - when there are large numbers of processes within the same groups - additional steps might be needed. We’ll take a closer look at how to manage processes ... Read More

Overview When using Linux, we often perform various operations on our own personal data. One common operation is to create an empty file of a specific size. There are many ways or command to achive this, here we’ll cover some of these methods − “dd” command dd − The dd ... Read More

Overview curl is a command line tool that supports many different types of websites including https sites. It can be used to connect to any website, but it's most commonly used for connecting to web servers and retrieving data from them. In this tutorial we will learn how to use ... Read More

Overview This article examines how to total up numeric columns of data in a bash shell, looking at the bash tools available for the task and comparing their speed. Using The awk Tool We’ll start by calculating the sum of the values in a particular column using the awk (awk) ... Read More

Overview Extracting a substring from a string is a basic and common operation of text processing in Linux. We're looking at different ways to extract substrings from strings using the Linux command line here. Extracting an Index-Based Substring Let’s first take a quick glance at how to extract index-based substring ... Read More

Overview Generally, packages are installed in the default directory. Depending on the system's Linux version, it might be necessary to use a different directory such as /usr or /user/local. We might also want to install a particular software application for a single user rather than for the entire system. We'll ... Read More

Introduction If you're working with Linux, there might be times when you'll want to copy several files at once and then remove some of them later. We're going to take a closer at several different methods for achieving such results. Renaming The Unwanted File You can rename the unwanted file ... Read More