Light is the electromagnetic radiation whose frequency is around 390 nm to 700 nm, and it is visible to the eyes of the human. Light is a form of energy which is produced from different source and these sources are termed as light sources.Types of Light SourcesThe sources of light ... Read More

The light received by any surface depends upon the distance of that surface from the source of light. The inverse square law gives the relation between the distance of the surface and the illumination of the surface.Statement of Inverse Square LawThe inverse square law states that "the illumination of a ... Read More

A fluorescent lamp or fluorescent tube is a low-pressure mercury vapor gas discharge lamp that uses fluorescence effect to produce visible light. In the fluorescent lamp, an electric current is passed through the gas which excites the mercury vapor to produce UV rays, these UV rays strike a phosphor coating ... Read More

Good Lighting SchemeA good lighting scheme is the one under the influence of which the eyes of a person do not feel any strain. For example, if the light is too dim, then we cannot observe the objects properly or cannot do reading or writing work. On the other hand, ... Read More

IlluminationThe luminous flux received by the surface per unit area is known as illumination. It is denoted by the letter 'E' and is measured in Lux or Lumen/m2.Mathematically, the illumination is given by the expression, $$\mathrm{Illumination, \mathit{E}\: =\: \frac{Luminous \: Flux\left ( \phi \right )}{Area \left (\mathit{A} \right )}\: =\:\frac{\mathit{C\, ... Read More

Projection welding is the resistance welding process which joins the metal pieces together by using the heat generated by an electric current. In this welding process, different projections are formed on the workpieces for effective welding, which is why the name "projection welding."Projection welding does not use electrodes for concentration ... Read More

Electrolysis is a process which uses the electric current to stimulate a non-spontaneous chemical reaction. Michael Faraday formulated two laws governing the electrolytic processes in 1833. These laws show the quantitative relationship between the substance deposited at the electrodes and the quantity of electric charge passed.Faraday's First Law of ElectrolysisFaraday's ... Read More

What is Illumination?The luminous flux received by the surface per unit area is known as illumination. It is denoted by letter 'E' and is measured in Lux. Mathematically, illumination is given by, $$\mathrm{\mathit{E}\:=\:\frac{\mathrm{Luminous\: flux}}{Area}}$$In this article, let's check some of the definitions related to illumination.BrightnessThe luminous intensity per unit surface ... Read More

What is Illumination?The luminous flux received by the surface per unit area is known as illumination. Illumination is denoted by the letter ‘E’ and is measured in lux or lumen per square meter or meter candela or foot candela.Mathematically, illumination is given by the formula, $$\mathrm{\mathit{E}\:=\:\frac{\mathrm{Luminous\:Flux}}{\mathrm{Area}}}$$Practically, the illumination deals with ... Read More

For a commercial lighting design to be successful, each area of the building must have a sufficient level of light to allow users to perform their tasks. Thus, to determine the desired illumination, proper lighting calculations are to be made.There are a number of methods employed for lighting calculations, the ... Read More