A function is a self-contained block that carries out a specific well-defined task.Types of functionsFunctions are broadly classified into two types which are as follows −Predefined functionsUser defined functionsCommunications among functionsFunctions communicate among themselves by using arguments and return value.Farm of ‘C’ function for return-datatype function name (argument list) is ... Read More

A file is a physical storage location on disk and a directory is a logical path which is used to organise the files. A file exists within a directory.The three operations that we can perform on file are as follows −Open a file.Process file (read, write, modify).Save and close file.ExampleConsider ... Read More

Here, we will print hollow rectangle star(*) pattern by using for loop in C programming language.Consider an example given below −InputEnter number of rows: 5OutputThe output is as follows −***** *    * *    * *    * *****AlgorithmAn algorithm is given below to explain how to print hollow ... Read More

A file is a physical storage location on disk and a directory is a logical path which is used to organise the files. A file exists within a directory.The three operations that we can perform on file are as follows −Open a file.Process file (read, write, modify).Save and close file.AlgorithmAn ... Read More

A file is a physical storage location on disk and a directory is a logical path which is used to organise the files. A file exists within a directory.The three operations that we can perform on file are as follows −Open a file.Process file (read, write, modify).Save and close file.ProgramFollowing ... Read More

Macro substitution is a mechanism that provides a string substitution. It can be achieved through "#deifne".It is used to replace the first part with the second part of the macro definition, before the execution of the program.The first object may be a function type or an object.SyntaxThe syntax for macros ... Read More

In parallel database system data processing performance is improved by using multiple resources in parallel. In this CPU, disks are used parallel to enhance the processing performance.Operations like data loading and query processing are performed parallel. Centralized and client server database systems are not powerful enough to handle applications that ... Read More

A parallel database is one which involves multiple processors and working in parallel on the database used to provide the services.A parallel database system seeks to improve performance through parallelization of various operations like loading data, building index and evaluating queries parallel systems improve processing and I/O speeds by using ... Read More

Database management system (DBMS) is a software or tool which can be used for managing and maintaining the data within the database.Major Capabilities of DBMSThe major capabilities of DBMS are listed below −Data StorageData RetrievalData UpdateSecurityData IndependenceExplanationGenerally a person has to work with a huge amount of information every day. ... Read More

The database security is broadly classified into physical and logical security. Database recovery is the way of restoring a database to a correct state in the event of a failure.Physical security − Physical security refers to the security of the hardware that is associated with the system and the protection ... Read More