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Articles by Ayush Gupta
Page 24 of 44
Count smaller elements in sorted array in C++
In this tutorial, we will be discussing a program to count smaller elements in sorted array in C++.In this we will be given a number and our task is to count all the elements present in the sorted array which are smaller than the given number.Example Live Demo#include using namespace std; int countSmaller(int arr[], int n, int x){ return upper_bound(arr, arr+n, x) - arr; } int main(){ int arr[] = { 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 }; int n = sizeof(arr)/sizeof(arr[0]); cout
Read MoreCore Dump (Segmentation fault) in C/C++
In this tutorial, we will be discussing a program to understand core dump (segmentation fault) in C/C++.It happens due to reasons like when code tries to write on read only memory or tries to access corrupt memory location.ExampleModifying a string literalint main(){ char *str; str = "GfG"; *(str+1) = 'n'; return 0; }Accessing out of array index bounds#include using namespace std; int main(){ int arr[2]; arr[3] = 10; return 0; }Accessing an address which is freed#include #include int main(void){ int* p = malloc(8); *p = 100; free(p); *p = 110; return 0; }OutputAbnormal termination of program
Read MoreConverting Strings to Numbers in C/C++
In this tutorial, we will be discussing a program to understand how to convert strings into numbers in C/C++.C/C++ provides two ways to convert strings into numbers.Example Live DemoUsing sscanf()#include int main(){ const char *str = "12345"; int x; sscanf(str, "%d", &x); printf("The value of x : %d", x); return 0; }OutputThe value of x : 12345Using stoi() Live Demo#include #include using namespace std; int main(){ string str1 = "45"; string str2 = "3.14159"; string str3 = "31337 geek"; int myint1 = stoi(str1); int myint2 = stoi(str2); int myint3 = stoi(str3); cout
Read MoreConvert a String to Integer Array in C/C++
In this tutorial, we will be discussing a program to understand how to convert a string into integer array in C/C++.For this we will create a new array. Traverse through the given string, if the character is a comma “, ”, we move on to the next character else add it to the new array.Example Live Demo#include using namespace std; //converting string to integer array void convert_array(string str){ int str_length = str.length(); int arr[str_length] = { 0 }; int j = 0, i, sum = 0; //traversing the string for (i = 0; str[i] != ...
Read MoreVirtual destruction using shared_ptr in C++
In this tutorial, we will be discussing a program to understand virtual destruction using shared_ptr in C++.To delete the instances of a class, we define the destructor of the base class to be virtual. So it deletes the various object instances inherited in the reverse order in which they were created.Example Live Demo#include #include using namespace std; class Base { public: Base(){ cout
Read MoreUsing class to implement Vector Quantities in C++
In this tutorial, we will be discussing a program to understand how to use class to implement vector quantities in C++.Vector quantities are the ones which have both magnitude and direction. Here we will be implementing them using classes and then performing basic operations on them.Example Live Demo#include #include using namespace std; class Vector { private: int x, y, z; //components of the Vector public: Vector(int x, int y, int z){ this->x = x; this->y = y; this->z = z; } Vector operator+(Vector ...
Read MoreTrivial classes in C++
In this tutorial, we will be discussing a program to understand trivial classes in C++.When a class/ struct contains explicitly defaulted value inside it, then it is known as Trivial classes. Further trivial classes have their own constructor, assignment operator and destructor.Example//using the default constructor struct Trivial { int i; private: int j; }; //defining your own constructor //and then marking it as default struct Trivial2 { int i; Trivial2(int a, int b){ i = a; } Trivial2() = default; };Output(No output as we are just defining classes here and not creating object instances from them.)
Read Moretransform_inclusive_scan() function in C++
In this tutorial, we will be discussing a program to understand the transform_inclusive_scan() function in C++.Example Live Demo#include #include using namespace std; namespace point_input_iterator { template OutputItrator transform_inclusive_scan(InputItrator first, InputItrator last, OutputItrator d_first, BinaryOperation binary_op, UnaryOperation unary_op){ *d_first = unary_op(*first); first++; d_first++; for (auto it = first; it != last; it++) { //calculating the prefix sum *d_first = binary_op(unary_op(*it), *(d_first ...
Read MoreContainership in C++
In this tutorial, we will be discussing a program to understand containership in C++.The parameter if a certain class contains another class is called as containership. The inside class is called contained class, while the class in which it is present is called container class.Example Live Demo#include using namespace std; class first { public: first(){ cout
Read MoreTemplates and Static variables in C++
In this tutorial, we will be discussing a program to understand templates and static variables in C++.In case of function and class templates, each instance of the templates has its own local copy of the variables.Example Live Demo#include using namespace std; template void fun(const T& x){ static int i = 10; cout
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