DefinitionBit stuffing is the mechanism of inserting one or more non-information bits into a message to be transmitted, to break up the message sequence, for synchronization purpose.Purpose of Bit StuffingIn Data Link layer, the stream of bits from the physical layer is divided into data frames. The data frames can ... Read More

Error control in data link layer is the process of detecting and correcting data frames that have been corrupted or lost during transmission.In case of lost or corrupted frames, the receiver does not receive the correct data-frame and sender is ignorant about the loss. Data link layer follows a technique ... Read More

Forward error correction (FEC) is an error correction technique to detect and correct a limited number of errors in transmitted data without the need for retransmission.In this method, the sender sends a redundant error-correcting code along with the data frame. The receiver performs necessary checks based upon the additional redundant ... Read More

Error Correcting CodesError-correcting codes (ECC) are a sequence of numbers generated by specific algorithms for detecting and removing errors in data that has been transmitted over noisy channels. Error correcting codes ascertain the exact number of bits that has been corrupted and the location of the corrupted bits, within the ... Read More

Using share preference, we can store or retrieve values as key and value pair. There are five different methods are available in share preference as shown below −Edit() − It going to edit shared preference valuescommit() − it going to commit shared preference values in xml fileapply() − It going ... Read More

If the static keyword is applied to any method, it becomes a static method.If a method is declared as static, it is a member of a class rather than belonging to the object of the class. It can be called without creating an object of the class. A static method ... Read More

Streams are sequences of objects from a source, which support aggregate operations. These were introduced in Java 8.With Java 8, Collection interface has two methods to generate a Stream.stream() − Returns a sequential stream considering collection as its source.parallelStream() − Returns a parallel Stream considering collection as its source.Some operations ... Read More

The capacity() method returns the current capacity. It is a part of the StringBuffer. It is the quantity of storage present for recently inserted characters, after which an allocation occurs.Declaration - The capacity() method is declared in the java.lang.StringBuffer class as follows −public int capacity()The capacity of a StringBuffer object ... Read More

To find the length of the StringBuffer object, the length() function is used. It is a method of the StringBuffer Class. The method returns the count of characters in the sequence.Declaration- The java.lang.StringBuffer.length() method is declared as follows −public int length()Let us see an example program illustrating the use of ... Read More

To display the position of a Substring in Java, we use the lastindexOf() method in Java. The lastindexOf() method returns the rightmost occurrence of the substring within a particular StringBuffer object.If the substring occurs more than once in the StringBuffer object, the index of the first character of the rightmost ... Read More