Found 649 Articles for Social Science

Introduction With trade routes and the exchange of technology and knowledge, the economy also started to grow and by the 19th century, the world economy grew with growing social, and cultural interactions which reshaped societies and external relations. But certain economists had structured the movements of international exchanges into three. This is the trade that is referred to as trade in goods. The flow of labor The most important one is the flow of capital from long-distance locations which is either short-term or long-term. To understand the working of the world economy it is essential to look at ... Read More

Introduction Ancient India has the roots of many practices and the culture that we practice and follow today. In this tutorial, we’ll be tracing the roots of a few parts of our civilization - Coins, Cities with many functions, Crafts, and Craftsmen. Coins By researchers, records of millions of coins are found in the ancient Indian history. They found that coins marked by punches were the first coinage system and circulation of these coins remained for roughly 500 years. Because the pattern or designs were punched into the metal – copper or silver — they are given this name i.e. ... Read More

Introduction The Weimar Republic was a democratic republic in Germany from 1919 to 1933. The name "Weimar" is taken from the city of Weimar, where the assembly established this republic met between 1919 and 1920. After World War I, it was established and lasted until 1933, when Adolf Hitler came to power. The Weimar Republic is also known as the "Republic of the Centre" because it was formed by political parties that were not on either side of the German Civil War (1918–19). During these years, it had three different presidents: Friedrich Ebert, Paul von Hindenburg, and Wilhelm Marx. The ... Read More

Introduction As trade and commerce flourished, merchants started to extend their trade with the help of more labor and the creation of small trading outposts. The factories we see today are not the result of a single process whereas it took decades of planning and evolution for man to create such factories and industries. The initial time before the coming of factories is called proto-industrialization by some historians which implies that even before the wave of factories in England and Europe there was a platform for large-scale industrial production in the industrial market. It is said to be a network ... Read More

Introduction Crimes against humanity, in general, refer to serious offences that violate human dignity and are perpetrated as part of a widespread, organised campaign against a particular population or society. Such atrocities have historically been common in wars and fights when the primary goal was to win at all costs. However, the Second World War made clear the heinousness of such acts, which may reduce a person to the status of a subhuman and rob him of his freedoms, dignity, and other fundamental rights. This created a favourable environment for crimes against humanity to be acknowledged and subject to appropriate ... Read More

Introduction The Rowlatt Act was proposed as per the recommendation of the Rowlatt Committee chaired by Sir Sidney Rowlatt. Then Gandhiji and other political leaders recognised the injustice of the law and launched a national-level satyagraha against the Rowlatt Act. Amid the opposition from the Indian representatives, the Rowlatt Act was passed by the Imperial Legislative Council on 18 March 1919. The objective of this law was to curtail the emerging nationalist movement in India. This law gave the British government enormous power to imprison any suspect and to suppress any opposition without a trial or judicial review. With a ... Read More

Introduction The Non-Cooperation Movement was a result of the British atrocities at Amritsar and also in Europe. Indians were highly dissatisfied and felt humiliated after the Jallian Wala Bagh massacre and the Khilafat issue. Mahatma Gandhi emerged as an all-India leader with the declaration of the Non-Cooperation Movement. There are a number of reasons for the emergence of the movement. Causes for the Non-Cooperation Movement Indians were dissatisfied with the Montague-Chelmsford Reforms and the provisions introduced in the Government of India Act of 1919. The introduction of the Rowlatt Act and associated violence sponsored by the British authorities in ... Read More

Introduction During the First World War (1914–18), the Ottoman Empire sided with the Central Powers, which included the German empire, Bulgaria, Austria, and Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire. During the war, the Ottoman Empire was defeated by the British, and the Treaty of Versailles (1919) was signed. Even though the European empire promised to retain the Caliph status of the Ottoman sultan, the Treaty of Sèvres (1920) led to the slicing off of Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, and Palestine provinces. This action agitated Muslims all over the world. Mohammad Ali and his brother Shaukat Ali led the movement in India alongside ... Read More

Introduction It was a social and political movement in the 19th century that united the entire Italian peninsula into a single political entity that is the Kingdom of Italy. The initiatives for unification started in the year 1815 with the congress of Vienna and completed the whole process in the year 1871 with Rome as its capital. It is the same year in which Europe witnessed the Unification of Germany under the leadership of Otto Von Bismarck. Background of Italian Unification Italy was divided into many political entities like city-states up to the fall of the Western ... Read More

Guizppe Mazzini and Giuseppe Garibaldi Giuseppe Mazzini was an Italian nationalist leader who became a great contributor to the Unification of Italy. He was born in 1805 in Genoa; he became a lawyer and actively participated in a secret Independence group named Carbonari. They were secret revolutionary societies that formed in Italy with the ideas of patriotism and liberalism. It was founded in the early 19th century and greatly contributed to the Italian unification and influenced several movements in other European countries like France, Spain, Russia, etc. Mazzini was arrested and imprisoned for his revolutionary activities and later moved to ... Read More