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Page 881 of 2109
Avoiding class data shared among the instances in Python
When we create multiple instances of a class in Python, class variables are shared among all instances. This can lead to unexpected behavior when modifying mutable objects like lists or dictionaries. In this article, we will explore the problem and two effective solutions to avoid shared class data. The Problem: Shared Class Variables In the below example, we demonstrate how class variables are shared across all instances, leading to unintended data sharing ? class MyClass: listA = [] # This is a class variable, shared by all instances # Instantiate ...
Read MoreAverage of each n-length consecutive segment in a Python list
We have a list containing only numbers. We plan to get the average of a set of sequential numbers from the list which keeps rolling from the first number to next number and then to next number and so on. Example The below example simplifies the requirement of finding the average of each 4-length consecutive elements of the list ? Given list: [10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26] Average of every segment of 4 consecutive numbers: [13.0, 15.0, 17.0, 19.0, 21.0, 23.0] Using sum() and range() We use the ...
Read Moreasksaveasfile() function in Python Tkinter
Tkinter is Python's built-in GUI toolkit. The asksaveasfile() function from tkinter.filedialog opens a save dialog that allows users to specify where to save a file and returns a file object for writing. Syntax asksaveasfile(mode='w', **options) Parameters Common parameters include: mode − File opening mode (default: 'w' for write) filetypes − List of file type tuples defaultextension − Default file extension initialdir − Initial directory to open title − Dialog window title Basic Example Here's how to create a simple save file dialog ? import tkinter as tk ...
Read MoreArithmetic operations in excel file using openpyxl in Python
Python can help us work with Excel files directly from the Python environment using the openpyxl module. We can refer to individual cells or ranges of cells in Excel and apply arithmetic operators on them. The results of these operations can be stored in specific cells whose location we define in our Python program. In the examples below, we perform various arithmetic operations using built-in Excel functions like SUM, AVERAGE, PRODUCT, and COUNT. We use the openpyxl module to create a workbook, store values in predefined cells, apply functions on those cells, and save the results to other cells ...
Read MorePython - Contiguous Boolean Range
Given a list of boolean values, we are interested to know the positions where contiguous ranges of the same boolean value start and end. This means finding where a sequence of True values begins and ends, and where a sequence of False values begins and ends. Using itertools We can use accumulate along with groupby from the itertools module. The groupby function groups consecutive identical values, and accumulate helps track the cumulative positions where each group ends ? Example from itertools import accumulate, groupby # Given list bool_values = [False, True, True, False, False] ...
Read MorePython - Column deletion from list of lists
In a list of lists, an element at the same index of each sublist represents a column-like structure. In this article we will see how to delete a column from a list of lists, which means deleting the element at the same index position from each sublist. Using pop() Method The pop() method removes and returns the element at a specific index. We can use list comprehension to apply pop() to each sublist ? # List of lists representing tabular data data = [[3, 9, 5, 1], [4, ...
Read MorePython - Check if given words appear together in a list of sentence
When working with lists of sentences, we often need to check if specific words appear together in any sentence. Python provides several approaches to solve this problem using loops, built-in functions, and functional programming techniques. Using List Comprehension with len() This approach uses list comprehension to find matching words and checks if all target words are present ? sentences = ['Eggs on Sunday', 'Fruits on Monday', 'Eggs and Fruits on Wednesday'] target_words = ['Eggs', 'Fruits'] print("Given list of sentences:") print(sentences) print("Given list of words:") print(target_words) result = [] for sentence in sentences: ...
Read MorePython - Check if all elements in a list are identical
There may be occasions when a list contains all identical values. In this article we will see various ways to verify that all elements in a list are the same. Using all() Function We use the all() function to compare each element of the list with the first element. If each comparison returns True, then all elements are identical ? days_a = ['Sun', 'Sun', 'Mon'] result_a = all(x == days_a[0] for x in days_a) if result_a: print("In days_a all elements are same") else: print("In days_a all ...
Read MorePython - Check if a list is contained in another list
Given two different Python lists, we need to find if the first list is a part of the second list as a contiguous subsequence. Python provides several approaches to check if one list is contained within another. Using map() and join() We can convert both lists to comma-separated strings using map() and join(), then use the in operator to check containment ? fruits = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry'] inventory = ['cherry', 'grape', 'apple', 'banana', 'cherry', 'kiwi'] print("Given fruits elements:") print(', '.join(map(str, fruits))) print("Given inventory elements:") print(', '.join(map(str, inventory))) # Convert to strings and check containment ...
Read MorePython - Check if a given string is binary string or not
In this article we check if a given string contains only binary digits (0 and 1). We call such strings binary strings. If the string contains any other characters like 2, 3, or letters, we classify it as a non-binary string. Using set() Method The set() function creates a collection of unique characters from a string. We can compare this set with the valid binary characters {'0', '1'} to determine if the string is binary ? def is_binary_string_set(s): binary_chars = {'0', '1'} string_chars = set(s) ...
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