Found 190 Articles for Selenium Web Driver

Xpath is one the locators used in Selenium to identify elements uniquely on a web page. It traverses the DOM to reach the desired element having a particular attribute with/without tagname.The xpath can represented by the ways listed below −//tagname[@attribute='value']//*[@attribute='value']The xpath can be created by the following methods −OR & AND expression.following- sibling expression.parent.child.ancestor.self.descendant.starts-with()ends-with()text()preceding.There are two types of xpath – absolute and relative.Relative xpath – This path begins from any part of the DOM html. It is represented by double slash // and helps to identify elements from any part of the web page and the xpath expression is not ... Read More

Both xpath and css are one the most frequently used locators in Selenium. Though there are other locators like id, name, classname, tagname, and link text and so on, xpath and css are used when there are no unique attributes available to identify the elements.There are some differences between xpath and css listed below −Xpath allows bidirectional flow which means the traversal can be both ways from parent to child and child to parent as well. Css allows only one directional flow which means the traversal is from parent to child only.Xpath is slower in terms of performance and speed. ... Read More

There are multiple ways of building a customized xpath. In case we need to identify nth element we can achieve this by the ways listed below.position() method in xpath.Suppose we have two edit boxes in a page with similar xpath and we want to identify the first element, then we need to add the position()=1.Syntax −driver.find_element_by_xpath("//input[@type='text'][position()=1]")square bracket addition with braces to indicate index.Suppose we need to reach the third row of the table and the customized xpath for that row should be indicated with the help of [3] expression.Syntax −driver.find_element_by_xpath("//table/tbody/tr[2]/td[2]")ExampleCode Implementation with position()from selenium import webdriver #browser exposes an executable ... Read More

The css is one of the important locators in Selenium. A customized css can be developed with the help of attributes like id, classname and by the combination of tagname and html attributes.The ways of creating a css are listed below −Using a class name html attribute.This will select the web element of that particular class represented by (.)classname.Syntax −driver. find_element_by_css_selector(".name")Here name is the value of the attribute class.Using an id html attribute.This will select the web element of that particular id represented by (#) id.Syntax−driver. find_element_by_css_selector("#search")Here search is the value of the attribute id.Using a combination of tagname and ... Read More

We can create a customized xpath with the help of the visible text on the page. This is achieved with the help of text() method in xpath.The text() finds the object with the exact text match on the page.Syntaxdriver.find_element_by_xpath("//input[text()='Selenium']")It will search for elements with visible text 'Selenium' on the page.ExampleCode Implementation with text().from selenium import webdriver #browser exposes an executable file #Through Selenium test we will invoke the executable file which will then #invoke actual browser driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path="C:\chromedriver.exe") # to maximize the browser window driver.maximize_window() #get method to launch the URL driver.get("https://www.tutorialspoint.com/index.htm") #to refresh the browser driver.refresh() # identifying ... Read More

We can identify elements by matching its attributes partially with the help of regular expressions. In xpath, there are multiple methods to achieve this. They are listed below −Using the contains() method. This means the string contains our given text.Syntax −driver.find_element_by_xpath("//input[contains(@name, 'sel')]")It will search the input tag which contains the 'name' attribute containing 'sel' text.Using the starts-with() method. This means the string starts with our given text.Syntax −driver.find_element_by_xpath("//input[starts-with (@name, 'Tut')]")It will search the input tag which contains the 'name' attribute starting with 'Tut' text.Using the ends-with() method. This means the string ends with our given text.Syntaxdriver.find_element_by_xpath("//input[ends-with (@name, 'nium')]")It will search ... Read More

We can identify elements by matching its attributes partially with the help of regular expressions. In css, there are multiple methods to achieve this. They are listed below −Using the wild character *. This means the string contains our given text.Syntax−driver.find_element_by_css_selector("input[name*='sel']")It will search the input tag which contains the 'name' attribute containing 'sel' text.Using the wild character ^. This means the string starts with our given text.Syntax−driver.find_element_by_css_selector("input[name^='Tut']")It will search the input tag which contains the 'name' attribute starting with 'Tut' text.Using the wild character $. This means the string ends with our given text.Syntax−driver.find_element_by_css_selector("input[name$='nium']")It will search the input tag which ... Read More

The different locators used in Selenium with python are listed below.Id - The element is identified with its id attribute. NoSuchElementException raised if element with matching id is not available.Syntax −driver.find_element_by_id("id")Name - The element is identified with its name attribute. NoSuchElementException raised if element with matching name is not available.Syntax −driver.find_element_by_name("name")Xpath - The element is identified with the attributes and tagname. There are two types of xpath – absolute and relative.Syntax −driver.find_element_by_xpath("//input[@type='type']")CSS - The element is identified with the help of css expression built with the help of attributes like id, class and tagName. NoSuchElementException raised if element with matching ... Read More

We can write a text file in Selenium with python by first creating a txt file and having a content on it.First of all, we need to open the file in write mode and mention the path of the location of the text file as an argument. There are multiple reading methods to perform these operations.write() – It writes the string in one line in a text file.writelines() – It writes more than one string in a text file.ExampleCode Implementation with write().#open the file for write operation f = open('hello.txt' , 'w') #writes the new content f.write('Tutorialspoint') #close the file ... Read More

The differences between readline() and readlines() methods are listed below.readlines()This method will read the entire content of the file at a time.This method reads all the file content and stores it in the list.This method reads up to the end of the line with readline () and returns a list.readline()This method will read one line in a file.A new line character is left at the string end and is ignored for the last line provided the file does not finish in a new line.This method reads up to the end of the line with readline() and returns a list.ExampleCode Implementation ... Read More