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R Programming Articles
Page 147 of 174
How to display the superscript for a single variable in a base R plot?
To display the superscript in a base R plot, we would need to use expression function inside text function. For example, if we want to display X-square inside a blank plot in base R then we can use the below code:plot(1:10,type="n") text(2,2,expression(X^2))Example1> plot(1:10,type="n") > text(2,2,expression(X^2==4))Output:Example2> text(5,5,expression(X^5==Center))Output:Example3> text(9,9,expression(Squared^2))Output:
Read MoreHow to create a sphere in R?
To create a sphere, we can use spheres3d function of rgl package. The rgl package is specifically designed to create real-time interactive 3D plots. If we want to create a sphere then we need to pass the values for the three axes and the radius of the sphere. We can also change the color of the sphere by introducing color argument inside spheres3d function.Example1Loading rgl package and creating a sphere:> library(rgl) > spheres3d(x=1,y=1,z=1,radius=1)Output:Example2> spheres3d(0,0,0,radius=1,color="blue")Output:Example3> spheres3d(0,0,0,radius=1,color="red")Output:
Read MoreHow to get the list of packages installed in base R?
There is no limitation to installation of packages in R but base R also has some packages associated to it. Hence, there is no need to install or load them in R console every time. We can directly use any of the base R package functions to perform the analysis. If we want to get the list of these package then we can use the code as shown below:Example> installed.packages(priority="base")OutputPackage LibPath Version Priority base "base" "C:/Program Files/R/R-4.0.2/library" "4.0.2" "base" compiler "compiler" "C:/Program Files/R/R-4.0.2/library" "4.0.2" "base" datasets "datasets" "C:/Program Files/R/R-4.0.2/library" "4.0.2" "base" graphics "graphics" "C:/Program Files/R/R-4.0.2/library" "4.0.2" "base" grDevices "grDevices" "C:/Program ...
Read MoreHow to create QR code in R?
A QR code is a barcode which is used to read the information about the object on which it is printed. This helps us to detect the useful information relevant to the object so that we can proceed with the next step depending on the operation. In R, we can create QR code by using qrcode_gen function of qrcode package.Example1Loading qrcode package:> library(qrcode)Creating a QR code for tutorialspoint:> qrcode_gen('www.tutorialspoint.com')Output:Example2> qrcode_gen('www.tutorix.com')Output:Example3> qrcode_gen('www.r-project.org')Output:
Read MoreHow to add a picture to plot in base R?
To add a picture to a plot in base R, we first need to read the picture in the appropriate format and then rasterImage function can be used. The most commonly used format for picture in R is PNG. A picture in PNG format can be added to a plot by supplying the values in the plot where we want to add the picture.ExampleLoading png package:> library(png)Reading png file:> Picture plot(1:10,ty="n")Output:Adding the picture in png file to the above plot:Example> rasterImage(Picture,3,3,7,7)Output:Example> plot(1:10,ty="n") > rasterImage(Picture,5,5,7,7)Output:
Read MoreHow to perform cartesian join for two data.table objects in R?
The cartesian join is the joining of two objects that creates the combination of each value in object with all the values in the other object. For example, if we have a vector x that contains 1, 2, 3 and the other object y contains a, b, c then the cartesian join will be 1a, 2a, 3a, 1b, 2b, 3b, 1c, 2c, and 3c. Check out the below examples to understand how it can be done.Example> library(data.table) > DT1 DT1Output x 1: 1 2: 2 3: 3 4: 4Example> DT2 DT2Output y 1: 25 2: ...
Read MoreHow to create a blank csv file in R?
We can create a blank csv file using a single line code in R and the function that can do this is cat. If we want to have the file blank then NULL value will be passed inside the function and the file name must be used. For example, if we want to create a blank file named as BlankCSV then it can be created by using the below code:> cat(NULL, file="BlankCSV.csv")Output:This is the output from documents folder of the system where all the R files are stored by default(we can change that location if we want to):The output of ...
Read MoreHow to find the distance among matrix values in R?
Finding the distance among matrix values means that we want to find the distance matrix and it can be directly found by using dist function with the matrix name. For example, suppose we have a matrix of size 5x5 named as M then the distance matrix can be calculated as dist(M).Example1M1
Read MoreHow to plot the X-axis labels on the upper-side of the plot in R?
By default, the X−axis labels are plotted on the bottom−axis of the plot and that is referred to as the first axis of axis 1, the second axis is the axis on the left−side, the third axis is the axis on the upper side of the plot, and the fourth axis is on the right−side of the plot. If we want to plot the X−axis labels on the upper−side of the plot then we can use xaxt="n" inside the plot function then define axis for upper−side using axis(3) with semi−colon.Example1x
Read MoreHow to add a data frame inside a list in R?
A list may contain many objects such as vector, matrix, data frame, list etc. In this way, we can have access to all the necessary objects at the same time. If we want to add a data frame inside a list then we can use the length of the list. For example, if we have a list defined as List and we want to add a data frame df to the List then it can be added as follows −List[[length(List)+1]]
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