In Java, concurrent programming is a technique that allows multiple tasks or processes to run simultaneously on a single processor or multiple processors. It can improve the performance and responsiveness of applications. However, it also introduces new challenges and complexities to the Java developers, such as synchronization and deadlock. In this article, we will explore some of the different approaches to concurrent programming such as multithreading and executors. Concurrent Programming in Java The following three components of Java are used for Concurrent Programming java.lang.Thread clas java.lang.Runnable java.util.concurrent Multithreading It is a feature of the Java programming language that ... Read More

The most frequent query asked by beginner programmers, especially those who have already worked with C and C++ in the past, is whether Java supports pass-by-referenceor pass-by-value. Generally, programming languages use pass-by-value and pass-byreferencefor passing parameters to a method. However, Java does not support both approaches rather it uses pass-by-value to pass both primitive and reference type values. But, it provides a few ways to achieve pass-by-reference, we will explore those through this article. Ways to Achieve Paas By Reference Let’s start this discussion by understanding the storage mechanism of Java. The reference variables, names of methods and classes are ... Read More

The Java filter() method allows us to strain elements of the stream based on the specified condition. It is a part of higher-order function that is used to apply a certain behavior on stream items. This method takes a predicate as an argument and returns a list of elements that match the predicate. But the question arises here is that how this filter() method works in the background. This article aims to explain this question through some example programs. Working of filter() method in Background Before going deep into the filter() method, let’s familiarize ourselves with I/O Streams. Itis an ... Read More

In the realm of C++ programming, it is possible to replace every character of a specified string with a symbol whose ASCII value is elevated by a factor of K compared to the original character. This can be accomplished through the implementation of a straightforward algorithmic technique. This piece delves into the syntax, the algorithm, and two distinct methods to address the problem, complete with code illustrations in C++. Syntax To substitute every character in a string with a character whose ASCII value is multiplied by K, the syntax is as follows − string replace(string str, int K); Here, ... Read More

A dynamic multi-stack is a remarkable data structure that possesses the capacity to store elements in numerous stacks, with an ever-changing quantity of stacks. It can be a daunting task to implement K stacks utilizing only one data structure. In this instructional guide, we shall investigate two distinct techniques to execute dynamic multi-stack (K stacks) using C++. The initial technique employs an array to stock the elements, along with two additional arrays to monitor the topmost and following indices of the stacks. The secondary technique employs a vector of nodes to stock the elements, along with a vector to keep ... Read More

Finding the percentile rank is a common operation that is used for comparison between data of a single dataset. The end result of this operation shows a certain percentage is greater than or equal to the specified percentile. For instance, suppose a student obtains a score greater than or equal to 80% of all other scores. Then, the percentile rank of that student is 80th. To find the percentile rank of a column in a Pandas DataFrame, we can use the built-in methods named 'rank()' and 'percentile()' provided by Python. Python Program to find Percentile Rank of ... Read More

While presenting or explaining some facts using Pandas DataFrame, we might need to highlight important rows and columns of the given data that help in making them more appealing, explainable and visually stunning. One way of highlighting the Pandas DataFrame's specific columns is by using the built-in method apply(). Python Program to Highlight Pandas DataFrame using apply() Before jumping to the example program directly, it is necessary to discuss the basics of Pandas and apply(). Pandas It is an open-source Python library that is mainly used for data analysis and manipulation. It can handle both relational ... Read More

Hierarchical data is often used to represent multiple levels of nested groups or categories. For example, a company may have a hierarchy of employees, departments, and locations. A product may have a hierarchy of categories and subcategories. One of the challenges of working with hierarchical data is how to represent it in a tabular format which can make it easy to manipulate and analyze. In this article, we are going to present hierarchical data using Pandas' built-in methods like 'set_index()' and 'groupby()'. Python Program to Represent Hierarchical Data using Pandas First, let's briefly discuss Pandas and its ... Read More

Segment Tree is a versatile data structure designed for answering range queries and performing updates on arrays in logarithmic time complexity, where each node stores information related to a specific range of elements in the array. In the context of the Longest Increasing Subsequence (LIS) problem, which requires determining the length of the longest subsequence of a given sequence in which the elements are sorted in increasing order, Segment Trees can be utilized to efficiently compute the Length of Longest Increasing Subsequences in an array. This approach significantly reduces the time complexity compared to traditional methods and has ... Read More

Classification of algorithms helps in selecting the most suitable one for a specific task, enabling developers to optimize their code and achieve better performance. In computer science, algorithms are sets of well-defined instructions used to solve problems or perform specific tasks. The efficiency and effectiveness of these algorithms are crucial in determining the overall performance of a program. In this article, we will discuss two common approaches for classifying algorithms, namely, based on their time complexity and based on their design technique. Syntax The syntax of the main function used in the codes for both approaches − int ... Read More