Programming Articles - Page 164 of 3366

In this article, we will explore how to convert a colored image with three channels, i.e. RGB (Red, Green, and Blue) into a gray scale image using MATLAB. An RGB image is a digital image in which each pixel is represented as a combination of intensity of three−color channels, namely red, green, and blue. RGB image is mainly used display color images on display screens. On the other hand, a gray scale image is one that uses only two colors, i.e. black and white to represents the elements in an image. In other words, a gray scale image is a ... Read More

Inner product is one of the most important operations in the linear algebra mathematical operations, which takes two vectors as input and gives the scalar value as the output. It is also known as the Dot product or the scalar product. The inner product of the two vectors is given as follows. a . b = ||a|| ||b|| cos(Ø) Where, ||a|| and ||b|| are the magnitudes of the vectors a and b respectively Ø is the angle between the vectors a and b a . b is the dot product of a and b Calculating Inner ... Read More

In python, for creating histograms we have the numpy, matplotlib and seaborn libraries. In Numpy, we have the function namely histogram() to work with the histogram data. The input argument for the histogram() function is the nums and bins. The nums are used to create the numerical data. Before proceeding with the examples first of all let us understand what is histogram. What is histogram Histogram is the graphical representation of the dataset distribution. It represents the data in the form of series of bars, where the range of data values represented by each bar and height of the bar ... Read More

A Histogram is the graphical representation of the dataset distribution. It represents the data in the form of series of bars, where the range of data values represented by each bar and height of the bar represents the frequency of the data values defined within the range. These are mainly used to represent the distribution of the numerical data like grades in a class, distribution of the population or distribution of the incomes of the employees etc. In histogram, x-axis represents the range of data values, divided into intervals and the y-axis represents the frequency of the range of data ... Read More

Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) is the matrix factorization technique which divides the matrix into three parts namely left singular matrix, a diagonal singular matrix and right singular matrix. SVD is powerful tool used in linear algebra and it has number of applications in data analysis, machine Learning and signal processing. This is mainly used to compute the rank of the matrix, as well as to perform the linear equations and performing the image compression and many more operations. Calculating Singular Value Decomposition If we compose a real or complex matrix A with the size m x n, then ... Read More

Chunked sum also known as partial sum or rolling sum, which is a process of calculating the sum of elements in a sequence such as list, array, or any iterable, in smaller chunks or subsets rather than calculating the sum of the entire sequence at once. Each chunk represents a group of consecutive elements from the sequence, and the sum is calculated for each chunk individually. For example, consider the sequence [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10], and let's calculate the chunked sum with a chunk size of 3. Chunk 1: [1, 2, 3] → ... Read More

In mathematics, a bijection refers to a function that establishes a one-to-one correspondence between two sets. It means that each element in one set has a unique and distinct counterpart in the other set, and vice versa. In other words, a bijection ensures that there are no duplicates or missing elements in the mapping. In the view of programming, specifically Python, checking for a bijection often involves validating whether a one-to-one mapping exists between elements of two sequences or collections. For example, given two lists, A and B, we can check if there is a bijection between their elements by ... Read More

Covariance is the measure of two variables that defines how they are related to each other. In other words, it measures the extent to which one variable is associated with the changes in the other variable. When the covariance of the variables is positive, it implies that both variables are moving in the same direction i.e. if one variable tends to increase, as a result, the value of the other variable also increases. When the covariance of the variables is negative then it represents the two variables are moving in opposite direction i.e. if one variable increases the value ... Read More

Generally, a suffix refers to an affix or a group of letters that is added to the end of a word to modify its meaning or to form a new word. Suffixes are used in linguistics and grammar to create different word forms, such as plurals, verb tenses, comparatives, and more. Suffixes can change the meaning or function of a word in various ways. For example, the suffix "-s" added to the word "cat" forms the plural "cats, " indicating multiple cats. Similarly, the suffix "-ed" added to the verb "walk" creates the past tense "walked, " indicating an action ... Read More

A Dictionary is one of the data structures available in python which stores the data in the format of key and value pairs. It is mutable i.e., once the data is defined in the dictionary we can make the modifications on the data. It is an unordered collection of elements. The key in the dictionary is unique and the values can be duplicates. The key and value are separated by using the colon (:). On the other hand, a tuple is an ordered collection of elements, enclosed in parentheses (), separated by commas. It is immutable, which means the values ... Read More