Programming Articles - Page 152 of 3366

A class is a blueprint or template that defines objects' attributes (data) and behaviours (methods). It's by far a fundamental concept of object-orientated programming (OOP) that allows you to create items based totally on the class definition. Shallow copy Shallow copy creates a new object that stores the reference of the original elements. Instead of making a duplicate of the nested objects, it just replicates their references. This means that a copy process does not recurse or create copies of nested objects itself. Shallow copy is faster than deep copy, but it is "lazy" and handles pointers and ... Read More

There are 26 total different alphabets exist in the English language. If we want to change the alphabet characters into numerical values then we need to assign the alphabet, values between 1 to 26 only. Now, in this problem, we need to Maximize the String value by assigning values in the range [1, 26] to each character. Let us see how we should proceed to solve this problem. Let’s try to understand this problem with the help of some examples. Input s = “blpsBpPtT” Output 221 Explanation Here, in this ... Read More

The size of the NumPy arrays can be changed with the help of two functions in python namely reshape and resize. There's only one thing that differentiates them, the original array remains unchanged while using resize() while reshape() returns only the changed array and the original array remains intact. Syntax Reshape() reshape(x, y) In this syntax, x specifies the number of smaller arrays that has to be created from the larger array provided as input and y denotes the actual number of elements present in the array. The method returns a modified array if the ... Read More

A numerical string is used to store a value of a number if we want to store a huge valued integer. As we know, we can not store a number greater than 32 bits in the computer with its datatype as int. So to avoid the overflowing condition, in this problem, we will take a numerical string as our input rather than an int variable so that we can work this problem on a larger scale of numbers. Problem Statement Now, in this problem, we need to find the following number by adding natural numbers in order on alternating indices ... Read More

Substrings are the subsets or sequences of contiguous characters of a string. Now, in this problem, we need to find the number of substrings with the frequency of at most one character as odd. Let us see how we should proceed to solve this problem. Let’s try to understand this problem with the help of some examples. Input s = “ksjssjkk” Output 21 Explanation − As the frequency of the characters in the given string is given below− k → 3 s → 3 j → 2 Now, substrings with ... Read More

The arrays of strings are a 2-dimensional array that stores characters in it. In C++ language we have an inbuilt function, with syntax − Syntax swap (first_datatype, second_datatype) which is used to perform swap operations on two elements, that is, exchange the values they carry. In the following, we are also supposed to do some exchange in positions of the elements of the string to get the expected output. However, we can get our output in a much easier way. Problem Statement Now, in this problem, we are provided with two arrays of strings (meaning arrays or ... Read More

A queue is a data structure which follows a FIFO (First In First Out) delivery method that is, the order of a set of messages is strictly preserved. It processes all messages exactly once, hence, there's no duplication of messages. The advantage of a FIFO system over a standard delivery method is because of a queue's ability to support unlimited throughput due to the application of batch-processing of queues. FIFO has high throughput (amount of items passing through a process) and can process a lot more messages than average. In Python, queues can be implemented via two main ... Read More

The sum of the series is the value of all terms in the given series added together in a particular pattern. Here given pattern is in the form of the: ∑ (n*(n+1)*(n+2)) as (n*(n+1)*(n+2)) is the last term in the given pattern. The following article discusses 3 approaches in detail to find the given sum of the series with different time and space complexities. Problem Statement Now, let us see how to calculate the sum of series 1*2*3 + 2*3*4 + 3*4*5 + . . . + n*(n+1)*(n+2). Sample Examples Let’s try to understand this problem with the help ... Read More

Lexicographic means the algorithm by using which we can arrange given words in alphabetical order, the same concept which is used in dictionaries. The largest possible string that we would get by merging two strings taking one-character element at a time so that the order is lexicographic can be obtained by arranging alphabets in decreasing order or descending order keeping the sequence of elements in mind. Problem Statement Now, in this problem, we need to find lexicographically the largest possible string we get by merging two given strings. To understand this problem, we should know the basic concept we use ... Read More

In this problem, we need to remove the characters from the string whose frequency is not the power of 2. After that, we need to sort each string of the array in non-increasing order. Problem statement- We have given an array arr[] containing total N strings of different lengths. We need to remove the character from the string if its frequency is not the power of 2. After that, we need to sort each string Sample examples Input – arr[] = {"abde", "cpcc", "ddddd", "kk"} Output – edba, p, kk Explanation In the string ‘abde’ string, all characters' frequency is ... Read More