Programming Articles

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How to extract the factor levels from factor column in an R data frame?

Nizamuddin Siddiqui
Nizamuddin Siddiqui
Updated on 11-Mar-2026 13K+ Views

To extract the factor levels from factor column, we can simply use levels function. For example, if we have a data frame called df that contains a factor column defined with x then the levels of factor levels in x can be extracted by using the command levels(df$x). This extraction is helpful if we have a large number of levels.Example1x2

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How to create bar chart based on two groups in an R data frame?

Nizamuddin Siddiqui
Nizamuddin Siddiqui
Updated on 11-Mar-2026 740 Views

To create a bar chart based on two groups, we can use geom_bar function of ggplot2 package with position argument that defines the position of the groups. For example, if we have a data frame called df that contains two categorical variable x1 and x2 and the one response variable y then the bar chart can be created by using the below command −ggplot(df,aes(x1,y,fill=x2))+geom_bar(position=position_dodge(),stat="identity")Examplelibrary(ggplot2) ggplot(df,aes(Age_Group,Y,fill=Gender))+geom_bar(position=position_dodge(),stat="identity")Output

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How to split a Java String into tokens with StringTokenizer?

Abhinanda Shri
Abhinanda Shri
Updated on 11-Mar-2026 549 Views

The hasMoreTokens() method is used to test if there are more tokens available from this tokenizer's string.Exampleimport java.util.*; public class StringTokenizerDemo {    public static void main(String[] args) {       // creating string tokenizer       StringTokenizer st = new StringTokenizer("Come to learn");       // checking elements       while (st.hasMoreElements()) {          System.out.println("Next element : " + st.nextElement());       }    } }OutputNext element : Come Next element : to Next element : learn

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How to check if a String contains another String in a case insensitive manner in Java?

Alankritha Ammu
Alankritha Ammu
Updated on 11-Mar-2026 2K+ Views

One way to do it to convert both strings to lower or upper case using toLowerCase() or toUpperCase() methods and test.Examplepublic class Sample {    public static void main(String args[]){       String str = "Hello how are you welcome to Tutorialspoint";       String test = "tutorialspoint";       Boolean bool = str.toLowerCase().contains(test.toLowerCase());       System.out.println(bool);    } }Outputtrue

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Write a java program to tOGGLE each word in string?

Alankritha Ammu
Alankritha Ammu
Updated on 11-Mar-2026 1K+ Views

You can change the cases of the letters of a word using toUpperCase() and toLowerCase() methods.Split each word in the string using the split() method, change the first letter of each word to lower case and remaining letters to upper case.Examplepublic class Sample{    public static void main(String args[]){       String sample = "Hello How are you";       String[] words = sample.split(" ");       String result = "";       for(String word:words){          String firstSub = word.substring(0, 1);          String secondSub = word.substring(1);          result = result+firstSub.toLowerCase()+secondSub.toUpperCase()+" ";       }       System.out.println(result);    } }OutputhELLO hOW aRE yOU

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Check if a string contains a number using Java.

Anjana
Anjana
Updated on 11-Mar-2026 42K+ Views

To find whether a given string contains a number, convert it to a character array and find whether each character in the array is a digit using the isDigit() method of the Character class.Examplepublic class ContainsExample {    public static void main(String args[]){       String sample = "krishna64";       char[] chars = sample.toCharArray();       StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();       for(char c : chars){          if(Character.isDigit(c)){             sb.append(c);          }       }       System.out.println(sb);    } }Output64

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Java String toCharArray() method example.

Sai Nath
Sai Nath
Updated on 11-Mar-2026 159 Views

The toCharArray() method of a String class converts this string to a character array.Exampleimport java.lang.*; public class StringDemo {    public static void main(String[] args) {       // converts String value to character array type value       String str = " Java was developed by James Gosling";       char retval[] = str.toCharArray();       // displays the converted value       System.out.println("Converted value to character array = ");       System.out.println(retval);    } }OutputConverted value to character array = Java was developed by James Gosling

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How to test String is null or empty?

V Jyothi
V Jyothi
Updated on 11-Mar-2026 628 Views

We can verify whether the given string is empty using the isEmpty() method of the String class. This method returns true only if length() is 0.Exampleimport java.lang.*; public class StringDemo {    public static void main(String[] args) {       String str = "tutorialspoint";       // prints length of string       System.out.println("length of string = " + str.length());       // checks if the string is empty or not       System.out.println("is this string empty? = " + str.isEmpty());    } }Outputlength of string = 14 is this string empty? = false

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How to Split a String with Escaped Delimiters?

Sravani S
Sravani S
Updated on 11-Mar-2026 520 Views

The split(String regex) method of the String class splits this string around matches of the given regular expression.Examplepublic class Sample{    public static void main(String args[]){       String s = "|A|BB||CCC|||";       String[] words = s.split("\|");       for (String string : words) {          System.out.println(string);       }    } }OutputA BB CCC

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Java string case change sample code examples.

Abhinanda Shri
Abhinanda Shri
Updated on 11-Mar-2026 210 Views

You can change the cases using the toUpperCase() and toLowerCase() methods of the String class.Examplepublic class Sample {    public static void main(String args[]){       String str = "Hello how are you";       String strUpper = str.toUpperCase();       System.out.println("Lower to upper : "+strUpper);       String strLower = str.toLowerCase();       System.out.println("Upper to lower : "+strLower);    } }OutputLower to upper : HELLO HOW ARE YOU Upper to lower : hello how are you

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