Hashing is the procedure of interpreting a given key into a code. A hash function is used to substitute the data with a freshly produced hash code. Furthermore, hashing is the practice of taking a string or input key, a variable generated for saving narrative information, and defining it with a hash value, which is generally decided by an algorithm and create a much shorter string than the original.Hashing is generally a one-way cryptographic function. Because hashes are irreversible, understanding the output of a hashing method does not enable us to regenerate the contents of a file. It allows us ... Read More

A stream cipher encrypts a continuous string of binary numbers by using timevarying transformations on plaintext information. Therefore, this kind of encryption operates bit-by-bit, using keystreams to create ciphertext for arbitrary lengths of plain text messages.The cipher combines a key (128/256 bits) and a nonce digit (64-128 bits) to create the keystream and a pseudorandom number XORed with the plaintext to create ciphertext.While the key and the nonce can be reutilized, the keystream has to be unique for each encryption redundancy to provide security. Stream encryption ciphers implement this using feedback shift registers to make a unique nonce (number used ... Read More

HashingHashing is a cryptographic procedure that can be used to check the authenticity and integrity of several types of input. It is broadly used in authentication systems to prevent storing plaintext passwords in databases, but it can also used to check files, documents and different types of data. Inadequate use of hashing functions can lead to serious data breaches, but not using hashing to secure sensitive information in the first place is poor.Hashing functions are not reversible. The output of a hashing function is a fixed-length string of characters known as hash value, digest or directly a hash. These are ... Read More

A block cipher is a symmetric cryptographic algorithm that works on a constant-size block of information using a shared, private key. Plaintext can be used during the encryption, and the resulting encrypted text is known as ciphertext. The similar key can be used for both the encryption of the plaintext and the decryption of the ciphertext.There are different modes of operations in block cipher which are as follows −Electronic Code Book (ECB) Mode − This is the easiest mode. In this mode, the plain text is breaked into a block where each block is 64 bits. Thus each block is ... Read More

Hashing is the procedure of interpreting a given key into a code. A hash function can be used to substitute the data with a newly created hash code. More categorically, hashing is the practice of creating a string or input key, a variable created for saving narrative information, and defining it with a hash value, which is generally decided by an algorithm and constitutes a much shorter string than the original.The hash table will produce a list where all value pairs are saved and simply accessed through its index. The result is an approach for accessing key values in a ... Read More

A block cipher is a set of encryption where plain text is first breaked into several blocks, each with a fixed size. Essentially, each block has the similar number of data bits. At any given time, the encryption procedure work on an individual block of plain text and uses the encryption key to transfer it into a block of ciphertext.Each block is of the similar size (such as 64 bits). For example, a 160-bit plain text is encoded into 2 blocks of 64-bits each, while the third block will have the remaining balance of 32 bits. It will be padded ... Read More

Playfair is a substitution cipher. Playfair cipher was originally invented by Charles Wheatstone in 1854 but it bears the name of Lord Playfair because he assisted the need of this method.Playfair ciphers are an approach of block cipher and the ciphertext character that restore a specific plaintext character in the encryption will rely upon in an element on an contiguous character in the plaintext.Encryption is adept using a square array of characters, built from the encryption key. Because the group of plaintext characters is the 26-letter English alphabet. This array would be 5 × 5, with 2 of the 26 ... Read More

Data encryption is the method of translating information into another form or code so that access to the data is defined to only those with the proper decryption key (or password). Encrypted data is also defined as ciphertext. It is one of the most popular and extensive forms of information security. Encryption is an approach to secure digital information, by scrambling it as it travels across the web, or scrambling it when the data is "at rest" or stored on the computers.This provides that only authorized users can decrypt (un-scramble) the data and use it. Encryption improves the privacy and ... Read More

Encryption is the phase of taking plain text, such as text message or email, and scrambling it into an unreadable structure known as “cipher text.” This helps secure the confidentiality of digital information either stored on computer systems or sent through a network like the internet. When the pre-determined recipient accesses the message, the data is translated back to its original form. This is known as decryption.Data encryption is the phase of transforming information from a readable format to a scrambled element of data. This is done to avoid prying eyes from reading confidential information in transit. Encryption can be ... Read More

There are various types of Cryptanalysis attack on AES which are as follows −Linear Cryptanalysis Attack − Linear cryptanalysis is based on discovering affine approximations to the element of a cipher. It tries to take benefit of high probability linear relationship that exist among inputs and outputs of a function block.In the approach of a block cipher, linear set of plain text pattern and linear set of ciphertext patterns are distinguished to linear set of key bits. The main objective of linear cryptanalysis is to find a relationship that is prove either significantly more or less than 50% of the ... Read More