Found 993 Articles for Electronics & Electrical

A Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) is a three-terminal device which consists of two pn-junctions formed by sandwiching either p-type or n-type semiconductor material between a pair of opposite type semiconductors.The primary function of BJT is to increase the strength of a weak signal, i.e., it acts as an amplifier. A BJT can also be used as a solid state switch in electronic circuits.Types of BJTThere are two types of BJTs −NPN TransistorPNP TransistorIn this article, we will discuss in detail the working principle of both these types of BJTs.NPN TransistorAn npn-transistor is composed of two n-type semiconductor materials which are ... Read More

Half Wave Rectifier is a diode circuit which is used to transform Alternating Voltage (AC Supply) to Direct Voltage (DC Supply). A single diode is used in the HWR circuit for the transformation of AC to DC. Half Wave Rectifier circuit allows the one – half cycle of the AC Supply waveform to pass and blocks the other half cycle. Half Wave Rectifier Circuit Diagram The circuit of HWR consists of following three main components − A Diode A Transformer A Load (may be a Resistance) Working of HWR Circuit Positive ... Read More

Tag identification layer of Electronic Product Code (EPC) Gen 2 lays down the method by which the readers can receive the identifiers from the tags. EPC Gen 2 (second generation) RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) network has two main components, tags and readers. RFID tags are affixed on objects with EPC encoded on them for identification. EPC helps to check identities of objects like inventory, assets and people, and track them. Readers are the intelligent part of the system that tracks the tags. The tag identification layer addresses the multiple access problem of getting messages from unknown number of tags.Working PrincipleIn ... Read More

Backscatter is a method that uses an incident radio-frequency (RF) signal to transmit data without a battery or power source. It employs passive reflection and modulation of the incoming RF signal, and converts it into tens or hundreds of microwatts of electricity, that can be encoded for data communications.It differs from other wireless communications since the communication is half duplex in nature, i.e. both the sender and receiver cannot transmit simultaneously. The mains advantage of backscattering is that it’s low energy requirements and low complexity of deployment.Architecture of backscatter communicationsA basic backscatter communication system has two main components: tags, and ... Read More

Physical layer of Electronic Product Code (EPC) Gen 2 defines method of transmission of bits across the network. EPC is a universal identifier encoded on RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) tags to check identities of objects like inventory, assets and people, and track them. The second generation of this technology, as laid down by EPCglobal Tag Data Standard, is called EPC Gen 2.EPC Gen 2 RFID network has two main components, tags and readers. Tags are affixed on objects that enables them to be identified or tracked. Readers are the intelligent part of the system that tracks the tags. The physical ... Read More

EPC or Electronic Product Code is a universal identifier that are encoded on RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) tags to check identities of objects like inventory, assets and people, and track them. The second generation of this technology, as laid down by EPCglobal Tag Data Standard, is called EPC Gen 2.The architecture of EPC Gen 2, RFID network has two main components −Tags or labels − They are affixed on objects so that they can be identified or tracked.Readers or interrogators − They are the intelligent part of the system that tracks the tags.The architecture is shown as below −RFID tags ... Read More

Electronic Product Code (EPC) is a universal identifier that aims to render a unique identity to every possible physical object of the world. EPCs are mostly encoded on RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) tags that are used to check identities of objects like inventory, assets and people, and track them.EPC is the 96–bit number associated with an RFID tag for identifying a particular tag amongst other tags. It distinguishes two identical products, and also provide the product’s manufacture date, origin or batch number.The EPC structure is laid down by EPCglobal Tag Data Standard, an open standard freely defined by EPCglobal Inc.EPC ... Read More

Optical fibre and Coaxial cables, both are different types of guided media cables. Optical fibre is made up of plastic and glass and is used to transmits signals in form of light or optics whereas coaxial cable is made using plastic and copper wires and is used to transmits signals in form of electric signals.The following are some of the important differences between Optical fibre and Coaxial cable.Sr. No.KeyOptical FibreCoaxial Cable1Transmission TypeOptical Fibre transmits data/signals in the form of light.The coaxial cable transmits data/signals in the form of electrical signals.2MaterialOptical fibre is made using plastic and glass.Coaxial cable is prepared ... Read More

We need technology for everything today , be it washing clothes, dishwasher for utensils, or getting medical reports. Our increasing dependency on technology round the clock has inspired the Chinese Technology Giant, Xiaomi to introduce a new product to the market.Yes we are talking about the new talk of the town, the electronic bicycle by Xiaomi, named “Qicycle”How Does it Work?The Qicycle weighs 14.5 kgs and 7kgs.Any other information is yet to be revealed by the Chinese company. But this is a new concept introduced by the company that lures people who love riding eco-friendly bikes, unlike this one the ... Read More

Earlier we had simple analog watches, then came the trend of digital watches, then the one with pulse check, heart rate and finally the smart watches. So, if you forgot your phone but have your smart watch, it’s OK. You can still receive all your important calls and messages. Anyways here we are not talking about the smartwatches but watches with some extra smartness. Confused?So let’s put it this way, imagine a watch that would use your hand as an interface. Your hand will be your ultimate watch, cool right? You interact with this interfaces outside the smartwatch. This is ... Read More