Managed code is a code whose execution is managed by Common Language Runtime. It gets the managed code and compiles it into machine code. After that, the code is executed.The runtime here i.e. CLR provides automatic memory management, type safety, etc.Managed code is written in high-level languages run on top of .NET. This can be C#, F#, etc. A code compiled in any of this language with their compilers, a machine code is not generated. However, you will get the Intermediate Language code, compiled and executed by runtime.C/C++ code, called "unmanaged code” do not have that privilege. The program is ... Read More

To understand how to call Math Operations using Delegates in C#, let us see an example wherein we will divide a number.We have a class and a function in it −public class Demo {    public static double DivideFunc(double value) {       return value / 5;    } }Now, our delegate −delegate double myDelegate(double x);Set a value and call −myDelegate[] val = { Demo.DivideFunc }; result(val[0], 20);Math operation is called using delegate −static void result(myDelegate d, double value) {    double result = d(value);    Console.WriteLine("Result = {0}", result); }The above displays the following result for “value/ 5” i.e. 20/5 −Result = 4

Chained Exceptions are a chain of try-catch statements that handle exceptions. To create a chain of exceptions i.e. chained exceptions −Set the first try-catch −Examplestatic void Main(string[] args) {    try {       One();    } catch (Exception e) {       Console.WriteLine(e);    } }Now try-catch under method One() −Examplestatic void One() {    try {       Two();    } catch (Exception e) {       throw new Exception("First exception!", e);    } }The method Two() also continues chained exception.Examplestatic void Two() {    try {       Three();    } catch ... Read More

HashMap is in Java, not C#. The equivalent of HashMap in C# is Dictionary that is used as a collection of key-value pair.Firstly, set the Dictionary −Dictionary d = new Dictionary(); d.Add("soccer", 1); d.Add("cricket", 2); d.Add("tennis", 3); d.Add("rugby", 4);Now get the keys and sort them using ToList() and Sort() method respectively.// get keys var val = d.Keys.ToList(); // sort val.Sort();The following is the complete example to sort a HashMap according to keys −Exampleusing System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; class Program {    static void Main() {       Dictionary d = new Dictionary()     ... Read More

Medium earth orbit (MEO) satellites lie between the two Van Allen Belts. MEOs are also called Intermediate Circular Orbits (ICOs).The altitudes of these satellites range from 2, 000 km to 35, 000 km, i.e. above the low earth orbits and below the geosynchronous orbits. The orbital periods of MEOs range from 2 hours to more than 23 hours, depending upon their attitudes.Types of MEOs according to orbitsMEOs with circular orbits − They revolve at constant speed at an constant altitude.MEOs with elliptical orbits − Lowest altitude is called perigee and the speed is highest here. Highest altitude is called apogee ... Read More

The Join () method in strings concatenates all the elements of a string array, using the specified separator between each element.In the below example we have a multi-line string and we have set the separator as “” −String.Join("", starray);ExampleThe following is the complete example − Live Demousing System; namespace StringApplication {    class StringProg {       static void Main(string[] args) {          string[] starray = new string[]{"Down the way nights are dark",             "And the sun shines daily on the mountaintop",             "I took ... Read More

A pointer is a variable whose value is the address of another variable. Retrieve the data stored at the located referenced by the pointer variable, using the ToString() method.ExampleHere in an example −using System; namespace UnsafeCodeApplication {    class Program {       public static void Main() {          unsafe {             int var = 100;             int* p = &var;             Console.WriteLine("Data is: {0} " , var);             Console.WriteLine("Data is: {0} " , p->ToString());             Console.WriteLine("Address is: {0} " , (int)p);          }          Console.ReadKey();       }    } }OutputAbove will require you to set unsafe comman line option. After seeting it, the following output would be visible.Data is: 100 Data is: 100 Address is: 77678547

The Abort() method is used for destroying threads.The runtime aborts the thread by throwing a ThreadAbortException. This exception cannot be caught, the control is sent to the finally block if any.Use the Abort() method on a thread −childThread.Abort();Example Live Demousing System; using System.Threading; namespace MultithreadingApplication {    class ThreadCreationProgram {       public static void CallToChildThread() {          try {             Console.WriteLine("Child thread starts");             // do some work, like counting to 10             for (int counter = 0; counter

TrimStart() method removes all leading occurrences of a set of characters, whereas TrimEnd()removes all trailing occurrences of a set of characters.TrimStart()The TrimStart() method removes all leading occurrences of a set of characters specified in an array.Let us see an example to remove all leading zeros −Example Live Demousing System; class Program {    static void Main() {       String str ="0009678".TrimStart(new Char[] { '0' } );       Console.WriteLine(str);    } }Output9678TrimEnd()The TrimEnd() method removes all trailing occurrences of a set of characters specified in an array.Let us see an example to remove all trailing 1s −Example Live ... Read More

Reference Parameters A reference parameter is a reference to a memory location of a variable. The reference parameters represent the same memory location as the actual parameters that are supplied to the method. When you pass parameters by reference, unlike value parameters, a new storage location is not created for these parameters. Pass by Value This is the default mechanism for passing parameters to a method. In this mechanism, when a method is called, a new storage location is created for each value parameter. The values of the actual parameters are copied into them. Hence, the changes made to the ... Read More