C++ Articles - Page 566 of 586

Here is the program to convert a string to uppercase in C language,Example Live Demo#include #include int main() {    char s[100];    int i;    printf("Enter a string : ");    gets(s);    for (i = 0; s[i]!='\0'; i++) {       if(s[i] >= 'a' && s[i] = 'a' && s[i] = 'A' && s[i] = 'A' && s[i]

In C/C++, an input buffer is a temporary storage area where the program processes the input. Suppose, you are an user and you type some characters using a keyboard but those characters are not passed to the program directly because it involves several layers of handling such as keyboard firmware, OS input queues, and event processing. So, they first proceed with the collection of an input buffer. Next, when the program is ready, it reads from the buffer. How Input Buffer Affects a Program? The input buffer affected to the program when we are using the functions like scanf() or ... Read More

stdio.hThe header file stdio.h stands for Standard Input Output. It has the information related to input/output functions.Here is the table that displays some of the functions in stdio.h in C language, Sr.No.Functions & Description1printf()It is used to print the strings, integer, character etc on the output screen.2scanf()It reads the character, string, integer etc from the keyboard.3getc()It reads the character from the file.4putc()It writes the character to the file.5fopen()It opens the file and all file handling functions are defined in stdio.h header file.6fclose()It closes the opened file.7remove()It deletes the file.8fflush()It flushes the file.Here is an example of stdio.h in C language, ... Read More

In C++, converting a string into uppercase means changing all the characters into uppercase. This is a common requirement in many applications, such as formatting output, standard data input, and case sensitivity. Following is the table that shows the conversion of string to uppercase: String Case Characters Uppercase Characters ... Read More

The function isless() is used to check that first argument is less than the second one. It is declared in “math.h” header file in C language. It returns true if successful otherwise it returns false.Here is the syntax of isless() in C language, bool isless(value1 , value2);Here, value1 − This is the first argument which will be checked with value2.value2 − This is the second argument which is used to check value1 ans see that it is less or not.Here is an example of isless() in C language, Example Live Demo#include #include int main() {    int val1 = 48; ... Read More

The function getchar_unlocked() is deprecated in Windows because it is a thread unsafe version of getchar(). It is suggested not to use getchar_unlocked(). There is no stream lock check that’s why getchar_unlocked is unsafe. The function getchar_unlocked() is faster than getchar().Here is the syntax of getchar_unlocked() in C language, int getchar_unlocked(void);A program of getchar_unlocked() in C is as follows −Example Live Demo#include int main() {    char val;    val = getchar_unlocked();    printf("Enter the character : ");    printf("Entered character : %c", val);    return 0; }OutputHere is the outputEnter the character : a Entered character : aRead More

Pure functions always return the same result for the same argument values. They only return the result and there are no extra side effects like argument modification, I/O stream, output generation etc. Following are the examples of pure vs impure functions: Pure Function: sin(), strlen(), sqrt(), max(), pow(), floor() etc. Impure Function: rand(), time(), etc. There are many pure functions in C language such as strlen(), strcmp(), strchr(), strrchr(), strstr(), toupper(), tolower(), abs(), sin(), cos(), sqrt(), exp(), log(), pow(), fabs(), etc. Here we are explaining a few pure functions with ... Read More

There are two time periods provided in the form of hours, minutes and seconds. Then their difference is calculated. For example: Time period 1 = 8:6:2 Time period 2 = 3:9:3 Time Difference is 4:56:59 C++ Program to Find Difference Between Two Times To find the time differences then check whether we need to borrow time, for example, adding 60 seconds if the second time has more seconds. Then just subtract the hours, minutes, and seconds of the second time from the first time to get the result. Example In this example, you will see the time difference of ... Read More

Three numbers can be swapped in cyclic order by passing them to a function cyclicSwapping() using call by reference. This function swaps the numbers in a cyclic fashion.The program to swap numbers in cyclic order using call by reference is given as follows −Example Live Demo#include using namespace std; void cyclicSwapping(int *x, int *y, int *z) {    int temp;    temp = *y;    *y = *x;    *x = *z;    *z = temp; } int main() {    int x, y, z;    cout > y >> z;    cout

The isspace() function is a predefined function in ctype.h. It specifies whether the argument is a whitespace character or not. Some of the whitespace characters are space, horizontal tab, vertical tab etc.A program that implements isspace() function by counting the number of spaces in a string is given as follows −Example Live Demo#include #include using namespace std; int main() {    char str[] = "Coding is fun";    int i, count = 0;    for(i=0; str[i]!='\0';i++) {       if(isspace(str[i]))       count++;    }    cout