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C++ Articles
Page 335 of 597
C++ Program to Implement Deque in STL
Deque or Double Ended Queue is a special type of queue where we can insert and delete elements from both front and back. In this article, we will learn how to use deque from C++ STL (Standard Template Library). What is Deque? Deque is a linear data structure in which the insertion and deletion operations can be performed at both the ends (front and rear). Meaning, the data can be inserted at both front and rear positions and can be deleted from both front and rear positions. This gives more flexibility compared to a normal queue which supports only ...
Read MoreC++ Program to Implement Wheel Sieve to Generate Prime Numbers Between Given Range
The wheel Sieve method is used to find the prime numbers within a given range. Wheel factorization is a graphical method for manually performing a preliminary to the Sieve of Eratosthenes that separates prime numbers from composites. In this method, prime numbers in the innermost circle have their multiples in similar positions as themselves in the other circles, forming spokes of primes and their multiples. Multiple of these prime numbers in the innermost circle form spokes of composite numbers in the outer circles. In this article, we have set the limit to 100. Our task is to implement the ...
Read MoreC++ Program to Implement Sieve of Atkin to Generate Prime Numbers Between Given Range
The Sieve of Atkin is a modern algorithm for finding all prime numbers up to a specified integer. It follows three simple steps to find the prime numbers. It uses three quadratic expressions that remove the composite numbers. After this, we remove the multiples of squares of already existing prime numbers and at the end, we return the prime numbers. In this article, we have set the limit to '30'. Our task is to implement the Sieve of Atkin method to generate all the prime numbers up to the limit in C++. Here is an example of prime numbers up ...
Read MoreC++ Program to Implement Sieve of eratosthenes to Generate Prime Numbers Between Given Range
The Sieve of Eratosthenes algorithm is one of the most efficient ways to find prime numbers smaller than n when n is smaller than around 10 million. It follows a simple process of marking the multiples of already prime numbers as false i.e. non-prime numbers. In this article, we have a given number as 'num'. Our task is to find all the prime numbers less than or equal to num using the Sieve of Eratosthenes algorithm in C++. Example Here is an example to find prime numbers less than 10: Input: num = 10 Output: 2 3 5 7 ...
Read MoreWhat is the difference between cerr and clog streams in c++?
cerr and clog are both objects of the stderr(standard error) stream, which is used to display error messages or diagnostics. In this article, we will learn the difference between these two in more detail. Further, the description of the cout object is also given to get a clearer picture. Unbuffered standard error stream (cerr) The cerr is the standard error stream, which is used to output the errors. This is also an instance of the ostream (as iostream means input/output stream) class. As cerr is unbuffered, therefore it's used when we need to display the error message instantly. It doesn't ...
Read MoreHow to convert a single character to string in C++?
In C++, a single character is represented using a single quotation (' ') while a string is represented using a double quotation (" "). To change the single character into a string, use approaches like string_constructor, push_back(), etc., that solve the conversion. Example Input: ch = 'A' Output: str = A // "A" So, character A is converted to a string. C++ provides various approaches to convert single character into string as follows: Using string constructor Using push_back() Using stringstream ...
Read MoreC++ Program to Implement Graph Structured Stack
In this article, we will learn what is graph structured stack and how to implement it in a C++ program. What is Graph Structured Stack? Graph structured stack is a directed acyclic graph, where each directed path represents a stack. In this types of stack, the flow of execution is not linear like a traditional stack, instead the flow is represented using a graph structure. Each node in the graph can represent a function call or a state, and the edges define possible transitions or calls. This type of stacks are useful in advanced control flow handling like backtracking, ...
Read MoreC++ Program to Implement Bit Array
Bit array is used to store true/false or yes/no type of values in very less memory. In this article, we will see how to create and use a bit array in C++. What is Bit Array? Bit array is a special array where each element can hold only 0 or 1. Instead of using a full byte (8 bits) for each boolean value, a bit array stores multiple values using just one bit each. Meaning, in a normal array of bool values, each value takes at least one byte. But in bit array, we store 8 values in one ...
Read MoreWhat is double address operator(&&) in C++?
&& is a new reference operator defined in the C++11 standard. int&& a means "a" is an r-value reference. && is normally only used to declare a parameter of a function. And it only takes an r-value expression.Simply put, an r-value is a value that doesn't have a memory address. E.g., the number 6 and character 'v' are both r-values. int a, a is an l-value, however, (a+2) is an r-value. Example #include using namespace std; void foo(int&& a) { cout
Read MoreWhat is the difference between cin and cout streams in c++?
cin is an object of the input stream and is used to take input from input streams like files, console, etc. cout is an object of the output stream that is used to show output. Basically, cin is an input statement while cout is an output statement.They also use different operators. cin uses the insertion operator( >> ) while cout uses the extraction operator( >), which helps to extract the input from the cin and stores it in a variable. It automatically skips the whitespaces (spaces, tabs, newlines) until a special method like getline() is used. Syntax Here is the ...
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