A boxplot in base R already consists three horizontal lines that represents minimum, median, and the maximum but we might to create an extra horizontal to showcase some threshold value. For example, we might to create a horizontal line at 2 to understand the variation in values that are greater than say 2. This can be done very easily by using abline function after creating the boxplot.Example1Live Demo> x boxplot(x) > abline(h=1)Output:Example2Live Demo> y boxplot(y) > abline(h=15)Output:Example3Live Demo> z boxplot(z) > abline(h=3)Output:

How to create normal quantile-quantile plot for a logarithmic model in R?A logarithmic model is the type of model in which we take the log of the dependent variable and then create the linear model in R. If we want to create the normal quantile-quantile plot for a logarithmic model then plot function can be used with the model object name and which = 2 argument must be introduced to get the desired plot.Example1Live Demo> x1 x1Output[1]  4.735737 3.631521 5.522580 5.538314 5.580952 4.341072 4.736899 2.455681 [9]  4.042295 5.534034 4.717607 6.146558 4.466849 5.444437 5.390151 4.491595 [17] 4.227620 4.223362 5.452378 5.690660 5.321716 ... Read More

Sometimes we get unnecessary information in our data set that needs to be removed, this information could be a single case, multiple cases, whole variable or any other thing that is not helpful in achieving our analytical objective, hence we want to remove it. If we want to remove such type of rows from an R data frame with the help of dplyr package then anti_join function can be used.ExampleConsider the below data frame:Live Demo> set.seed(2514) > x1 x2 df1 df1Output x1 x2 1 5.567262 4.998607 2 5.343063 4.931962 3 2.211267 ... Read More

To generate passwords, we can use stri_rand_strings function of stringi package. If we want to have passwords of varying length then we need to create the passwords using the particular size separately. For example, for a size or length of the password equals to 8, we can use the argument length in the stri_rand_strings function.Loading stringi package:> library(stringi)Example1> stri_rand_strings(n=5, length=8, pattern="[0-9a-zA-Z]") [1] "YkIEDYQz" "t42JCzYO" "rOE9YN8U" "2lu9AonY" "6lDUxScX"Example2> stri_rand_strings(n=20, length=8, pattern="[0-9a-zA-Z]") [1] "glH3ysoX" "X0Sgvg3F" "P3YOePTa" "45GOb2hA" "tLCwszus" "CerCi1ks" [7] "UtFwzrSc" "pG8AJCQX" "NTCdMRHj" "5thI1wKb" "Ic8Rol1Y" "JakWa1Wd" [13] "9AfeXo7T" "SFJVn9XV" "lIRhLbJ9" "DNFyAbkJ" "jV4jJRZk" "IthkzfEU" [19] "talj9nBq" "Nak9Tidh"Example3> ... Read More

Sometimes during our data analysis, we need to look at the duplicate rows to understand more about our data rather than dropping them straight away.Luckily, in pandas we have few methods to play with the duplicates..duplciated()This method allows us to extract duplicate rows in a DataFrame. We will use a new dataset with duplicates. I have downloaded the Hr Dataset from link.import pandas as pd import numpy as np # Import HR Dataset with certain columns df = pd.read_csv("https://raw.githubusercontent.com/sasankac/TestDataSet/master/HRDataset.csv", usecols = ("Employee_Name""PerformanceScore", "Position", "CitizenDesc")) #Sort the values on employee name and make it permanent df.sort_values("Employee_Name"inplace = True) df.head(3)Employee_NamePositionCitizenDescPerformanceScore0AdinolfiProduction ... Read More

IntroductionIn this post, I will show you how to perform Data Analysis with SQL style filtering with Pandas. Most of the corporate company’s data are stored in databases that require SQL to retrieve and manipulate it. For instance, there are companies like Oracle, IBM, Microsoft having their own databases with their own SQL implementations.Data scientists have to deal with SQL at some stage of their career as the data is not always stored in CSV files. I personally prefer to use Oracle, as the majority of my company’s data is stored in Oracle.Scenario – 1 Suppose we are given a ... Read More

Converts the value of objects to strings based on the formats specified and inserts them into another string.Namespace:System Assembly:System.Runtime.dllEach overload of the Format method uses the composite formatting feature to include zero-based indexed placeholders, called format items, in a composite format string. At run time, each format item is replaced with the string representation of the corresponding argument in a parameter list. If the value of the argument is null, the format item is replaced with String.Empty.Exampleclass Program{    static void Main(string[] args){       int number = 123;       var s = string.Format("{0:0.00}", number);     ... Read More

Title case is any text, such as in a title or heading, where the first letter of major words is capitalized. Title case or headline case is a style of capitalization used for rendering the titles of published works or works of art in English.When using title case, all words are capitalized except for "minor" words unless they are the first or last word of the title.The current implementation of the ToTitleCase in the example yields an output string that is the same length as the input string.Example 1class Program{    static void Main(string[] args){       string myString ... Read More

The System. Reflection namespace contains classes that allow you to obtain information about the application and to dynamically add types, values, and objects to the application.Reflection objects are used for obtaining type information at runtime. The classes that give access to the metadata of a running program are in the System. Reflection namespace.Reflection allows view attribute information at runtime.Reflection allows examining various types in an assembly and instantiate these types.Reflection allows late binding to methods and properties.Reflection allows creating new types at runtime and then performs some tasks using those types.ExampleGetProperty(String)Searches for the public property with the specified name.GetType(String, Boolean)Gets ... Read More

In c#, the throw is a keyword and it is useful to throw an exception manually during the execution of the program and we can handle those thrown exceptions using try−catch blocks based on our requirements.By using throw keyword in the catch block, we can re-throw an exception that is handled in the catch block. The re-throwing an exception is useful when we want to pass an exception to the caller to handle it in a way they want.Following is the example of re−throwing an exception to the caller using throw keyword with try-catch blocks in c#.Exampleclass Program{    static ... Read More