Found 118 Articles for SQL

Retrieval and Update Operations When we work with files, we usually do two types of operations: retrieval and update. Retrieval operations help us find specific records in the file and look at their data. Update operations change the file by adding, removing, or modifying records. Selection Conditions To do either operation, we may need to specify a condition that the records must meet. For example, we might want to retrieve all the records where the salary is greater than or equal to $30, 000. This is called a selection condition. Selection conditions can be simple or complex. A simple condition ... Read More

Offset-Fetch is feature in MS SQL Server. It helps to retrieve subset of rows from result set. It consists of two components: OFFSET and FETCH. The OFFSET clause specifies the number of rows to skip from the beginning of the result set. FETCH clause determines the number of rows to retrieve. Syntax SELECT column1, column2, ... FROM table ORDER BY column OFFSET {integer_value} {ROWS | ROWS ONLY} FETCH {FIRST | NEXT} {integer_value} {ROWS | ROWS ONLY} ONLY; Explanation of Syntax SELECT column1, column2, ...: Specifies the columns to be selected from the table. FROM table Specifies the table from ... Read More

In DBMS, there are object-relational features that combine elements of object databases with SQL. SQL language is used for relational databases, and it has evolved over time. In the latest standard called SQL:2008, object features have been incorporated, although not all commercial DBMSs have implemented these features yet. Object-relational model refers to the combination of the relational model and object database enhancements. SQL has undergone revisions to include features related to XML as well. Here are some of the object database features included in SQL: Type Constructors New type constructors have been added to specify complex objects. For example, the ... Read More

Generally, there are two major types: object-oriented databases and object-relational databases. Both have their advantages and disadvantages. Choosing the right type for your project can be critical to its success. In this article, we will discuss object-oriented and object-relational databases along with their use cases. Object-oriented databases (OODBs) Object-oriented databases (OODBs) are designed to store and manipulate objects. It is similar to object-oriented programming languages, i.e. Java and Python. Objects can contain data, methods, and relationships to other objects. In OODB, the object itself is the storage rather than the representation of the data. This allows for more efficient and ... Read More

Database normalization is a way of organizing information in a database so that it is efficient and easy to use. It involves breaking down big tables into smaller ones that relate to each other in a logical way. This helps to prevent errors and confusion when making changes to the data. In this article, we will discuss the Normalization Process in DBMS with the help of an example. Introduction There are different levels of normalization, starting with First Normal Form (INF), Second Normal Form (2NF), and Third Normal Form (3NF). Each level builds on the previous one and helps to ... Read More

Normalization is a process of organizing data in a database to reduce redundancy and improve data consistency. Primary keys are really important in organizing information in a database. They help to make sure that every row in a table has a unique identification so that nothing gets mixed up or lost. In this article, we will discuss the different normal forms of database normalization. Normalization Normalization is a process of organizing the data in database to avoid data redundancy, insertion anomaly, update anomaly & deletion anomaly. Normalization is the process of organizing data in a database to minimize redundancy ... Read More

Structured Query Language (SQL) is a programming language. SQL is used to manage data stored in a relational database. SQL has the ability of nest queries. A nested query is a query within another query. Nested query allows for more complex and specific data retrieval. In this article, we will discuss nested queries in SQL, their syntax, and examples. Nested Query In SQL, a nested query involves a query that is placed within another query. Output of the inner query is used by the outer query. A nested query has two SELECT statements: one for the inner query and another ... Read More

Data science may be a continually advancing field that requires an assorted set of aptitudes and instruments to keep up with the ever-changing information scene. While Python, R, and SQL are undoubtedly the foremost commonly utilized devices within the information science industry, there are a few other tools and advances that information researchers are anticipated to be capable of. In this article, we'll investigate a few of the other fundamental apparatuses that each information researcher ought to be recognizable with. Excel Excel may be an effective tool for data examination and is broadly utilized within the trading world. It ... Read More

Introduction Set-based and cursor-based solutions are the two main methods of manipulating data when working with databases. Cursor-based solutions process data row by row using procedural programming structures, whereas set-based solutions process whole sets of data at once using SQL commands. The decision between the two ways depends on the requirements of the current challenge. Both have benefits and drawbacks. We will go into detail about the primary distinctions between set-based and cursor-based solutions in the essay's main body. We looked at the benefits and drawbacks of each strategy and emphasized the circumstances in which one strategy would be more ... Read More

Among the most popular programming languages used today are Python and SQL, each of which offers distinct benefits and drawbacks of its own. What remains to be determined, though, is which one is simpler to learn. This article will examine the degree to which both Python and SQL are tough in order to help you decide which language best meets your needs. SQL Vs Python In the area of technology, programming languages like Python and SQL are both highly regarded. However, deciding which one is simpler to learn might be difficult. To assist you in making a wise choice, we ... Read More