The language can’t be detected from the character type. There are other ways, but they don’t guarantee complete accuracy. The ‘TextLanguageDetect Pear Package’ can be used with decent accuracy. Below is a sample code for the same −Examplerequire_once 'Text/LanguageDetect.php'; $l = new Text_LanguageDetect(); $result = $l->detect($text, 4); if (PEAR::isError($result)) {    echo $result->getMessage(); } else {    print_r($result); }OutputThis will produce the following output −Array (    [german] => 0.407037037037    [dutch] => 0.288065843621    [english] => 0.283333333333    [danish] => 0.234526748971 )It is easy to use and has 52 language databases. But the downside is that the Eastern Asian languages can’t be detected using this package.

To read only 5 last lines of the text file, the code is as follows −Example$file = file("filename.txt"); for ($i = max(0, count($file)-6); $i < count($file); $i++) {    echo $file[$i] . ""; }OutputThis will produce the following output −Given that the file has more than 5 lines of text, the last 5 lines of the text file will be displayed.The file is opened and the number of lines in the file are counted, and beginning from the last line, 5 lines are read.

To download large files through PHP script, the code is as follows −ExampleOutputThis will produce the following output −The large file will be downloaded.The function ‘readfile_chunked’ (user defined) takes in two parameters- the name of the file and the default value of ‘true’ for the number of bytes returned meaning that large files have been successfully downloaded. The variable ‘chunksize’ has been declared with the number of bytes per chunk that needs to be read. The ‘buffer’ variable is assigned to null and the ‘cnt’ is set to 0. The file is opened in binary read mode and assigned the ... Read More

Most of the core PHP functions don’t deal with character sets apart from Latin-1. But before the ‘pathinfo’, placing the ‘setlocale’ can be used to return the correct filename even if it is UTF-8 encoded.By default, it runs with ‘C’ locale, and CLI scripts run with a default utf-8 locale. The locale on the server should be changed from ‘C’ to ‘C.UTF-8’ or to ‘en_US.UTF-8’ before calling the other functions.setlocale(LC_ALL,'en_US.UTF-8'); pathinfo($OriginalName, PATHINFO_FILENAME); pathinfo($OriginalName, PATHINFO_BASENAME);

Following is the XML data (input) −                       Iterating through the elements in the DOM object.Example$elements = $dom->getElementsByTagName('foo'); $data = array(); foreach($elements as $node){    foreach($node->childNodes as $child) {       $data[] = array($child->nodeName => $child->nodeValue);    } }OutputThis will produce the following output −Every ‘foo’ tag will be iterated over and specific ‘bar’ and ‘pub’ value will be obtained, i.e specific child nodes can be accessed by their names itself.The elements in the XML file are obtained by ... Read More

The ‘@’ symbol suppresses errors from getting displayed on the screen.PHP supports an error control operator, i.e the sign (@). When it is prepended to an expression in PHP, error messages that could get generated when it uses that expression will be ignored.If the track_errors attribute is enabled, the error message generated by the expression will be saved in the variable named $php_errormsg. This variable will be overwritten each time on every error.It is always suggested to write code that works relevantly with error states/conditions.

Given file 1 has namespace ns_1 and file 2 has namespace ns_2, if file 1 and file 2 are included in file 3, there is no way to know that namespaces ns_1 and ns_2 have been loaded.The only way is to use the ‘class_exists’ function and the list of classes with the specific namespace can be obtained using ‘get_declared_classes’. Simply put, this data obtained can be used to find a matching namespace given all the declared class names −function namespaceExists($namespace) {    $namespace .= "\";    foreach(get_declared_classes() as $name)    if(strpos($name, $namespace) === 0) return true;    return false; }----Or---Example Live Demo

There is no concept of opening a file for read and write in PHPExcel since it is not aware of the source of the PHPExcel object. Irrespective of the source from where the file was loaded or the type of file, the file can be read based on its named and saved with the same name. This way, the file will be overwritten, and new changes will be reflected in the file.Exampleerror_reporting(E_ALL); set_time_limit(0); date_default_timezone_set('Europe/London'); set_include_path(get_include_path() . PATH_SEPARATOR . './Classes/'); include 'PHPExcel/IOFactory.php'; $fileType = 'Excel5'; $fileName = name_of_file.xls'; // Read the file $objReader = PHPExcel_IOFactory::createReader($fileType); $objPHPExcel = $objReader->load($fileName); // Change the ... Read More

The ‘readfile’ function is an inbuilt function in PHP that reads the file directly into the output buffer. The name of the file is passed as a parameter to the function. It returns the number of bytes that were read in case of successfully reading the data. It returns FALSE otherwise −Example Live DemoOutputThis will produce the following output −Sorry, the file could not be openedThe ‘file_get_contents’ function is an inbuilt function in PHP that loads the file into memory and displays the contents only when the echo function is called. During this phase, the data is copied from memory to ... Read More

The serialize() function in PHP can be used before storing the object, and the unserialize() function can be called when the object needs to be retrieved from the session.The function converts a storable representation of a specific value into a sequence of bits. This is done so that the data can be stored in a file, a memory buffer or can be transferred over a network.Using the serialize function to store the object −session_start(); $object = new sample_object(); $_SESSION['sample'] = serialize($object);The session is started by using the ‘session_start’ function and a new object is created. The object created is serialized ... Read More