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Operating System Articles
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Top skills that would be handy before taking up a technical role
Getting through all the tedious interview rounds of big tech giants for internships and jobs is in itself a big task. But once you clear the interview rounds and secure a job or an internship, the journey does not end there. In fact, this will be the time you need to upskill yourself in order to keep up with the pace of shift in technological stacks that the tech industry goes through. In this article, we will be discussing top skills that would be very handy if you would learn it before taking up the job or internship position. ...
Read MoreHow to install Selenium WebDriver on Mac OS?
We can install Selenium WebDriver on Mac OS to automate web browsers for testing purposes. Selenium is a popular framework for web automation that supports multiple browsers including Chrome, Firefox, and Safari. We shall use Homebrew package manager along with pip for a streamlined installation process. Prerequisites Before installing Selenium WebDriver, ensure you have the following installed on your Mac − Python 3.x − Check with python3 --version Homebrew − Install from https://brew.sh/ Google Chrome browser − Download from official website Step-by-Step Installation Step 1: Install Selenium Python Package Install Selenium using ...
Read MoreDifference Between RPC and RMI
In distributed systems, RPC (Remote Procedure Call) and RMI (Remote Method Invocation) are two fundamental communication mechanisms that enable processes on different machines to interact seamlessly. While both facilitate remote communication, they differ significantly in their design philosophy, implementation approach, and use cases. RPC (Remote Procedure Call) Remote Procedure Call (RPC) is a protocol that allows a program to execute procedures or functions on a remote machine as if they were local calls. It abstracts the network communication details, making distributed programming more straightforward. Key Characteristics of RPC It is implemented as a library or ...
Read MoreDifference Between Deadlock and Starvation in OS
In operating systems, both deadlock and starvation are unwanted situations that occur when processes requiring shared resources block each other's progress indefinitely. While both are undesirable conditions, deadlock and starvation have distinct characteristics and causes. What is Deadlock? A deadlock is a condition where no process can proceed for execution because each process is waiting for resources that have been acquired by other processes in the same deadlock set. In this situation, all involved processes become permanently blocked. Deadlock is also known as circular wait because processes wait for resources in a circular chain. For deadlock to ...
Read MoreDifference Between Semaphore and Monitor in OS
Both Semaphore and Monitor are types of process synchronization tools in operating systems. Semaphores and monitors allow different processes to utilize shared resources in mutual exclusion, however they differ in their implementation and approach. The basic difference between a semaphore and a monitor is that a semaphore is an integer variable, whereas a monitor is an abstract data type. What is Semaphore? A semaphore is a process synchronization tool that consists of an integer variable, denoted by "S". The initialization of this variable "S" is done by assigning a number equal to the number of resources present in ...
Read MoreDifference Between Buffering and Caching in OS
Buffering and caching are two fundamental concepts in operating systems designed to optimize data transmission and processing speed. The key difference is that buffering synchronizes data transmission speeds between sender and receiver, while caching accelerates data access by storing frequently used information closer to the CPU. Understanding these concepts is crucial for grasping how modern operating systems manage data flow and improve system performance through strategic memory utilization. What is Buffering? Buffering refers to a temporary storage area in main memory (RAM) that holds data during transmission between two devices or processes. Its primary purpose is to ...
Read MoreDifference Between fork() and vfork()
In this post, we will understand the difference between system calls fork() and vfork() − Both fork() and vfork() are system calls used to create child processes in Unix-like operating systems. However, they differ significantly in how they handle memory management, execution order, and resource sharing between parent and child processes. The fork() System Call The fork() system call creates a new process by making a complete copy of the parent process. Here are its key characteristics: The child and parent process have separate memory spaces. The child and parent process are executed simultaneously. This ...
Read MoreHow to change file or directory permission in Linux/Unix?
We know that Linux/Unix is a multiuser operating system where files and directories are associated with permissions so that only authorized users can access the files. The chmod command is used to change the access permission of files or directories. Syntax The general syntax of the chmod command is as follows − chmod [OPTION]... [Mode]... [File]... The chmod command contains three parameters that help set or change file permissions. Let's discuss each parameter in detail. Command Options A brief description of options available in the chmod command − ...
Read MoreHow to change the shell working directory in Linux?
To change the shell working directory, we use the cd command in the Linux system. The cd (change directory) command is one of the most fundamental navigation commands that allows users to move between different directories in the filesystem. cd (change directory) The cd command is used to change the current working directory in Linux/Unix operating systems. It is equivalent to the cd or chdir command in Windows. The command is also available in the EFI shell (Extensible Firmware Shell). By default, when you open a new terminal session, the current working directory is set to your home ...
Read MoreHow to check total space and available space in Linux using the terminal?
In Linux/Unix systems, the df (disk free) command is the primary tool for checking storage details and disk space usage. It displays total space, used space, and available space for mounted file systems through the terminal. df (disk free) command The df command reports file system disk space usage in the Linux system. By default, it shows space usage in 1K blocks, but various options make the output more readable and useful for different purposes. Syntax The general syntax of the df command is as follows: $ df [OPTION]... [FILE]... Common Options ...
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