A hub is a networking device that is used to connect multiple devices in a network. Its main function is to receive data from one device and then broadcasted it to all its ports. It works at the physical layer of the ISO/OSI model. This is also called a multiport repeater because it does broadcast to every port in which some devices are connected. and to do this it uses fiber optics cable or twisted pair cable. It works in half duplex mode. It has many advantages and disadvantages; in this article, we will be exploring some of those which ... Read More

In order to recognize and predict trends in data gathered over time, time series analysis is a potent technique. Each data point in a time series represents a distinct moment in time and is gathered over time. Stock prices, weather information, and website traffic are a few examples of time series data. In a variety of disciplines, including economics, finance, and weather forecasting, time series data is often employed. The practice of employing statistical methods to comprehend and forecast the data across time is known as time series analysis. Because it enables us to spot patterns, trends, and correlations in ... Read More

What is Symmetric Key Algorithms? Symmetric key algorithms are a type of cryptographic technique that uses a shared secret key for both encryption and decryption. This means that the same key is used to encode and decode the message. Symmetric key algorithms are generally faster and more efficient than asymmetric key algorithms, but they require that the sender and receiver of a message share a secret key. Here are some of the basic principles of symmetric key algorithms − The same key is used for both encryption and decryption − In symmetric key algorithms, the same key is used ... Read More

Introduction Simultaneous Localization and Mapping or SLAM is a method that let us build a map and locate our vehicles on that map at the same time. SLAM algorithms are used for unknown environment mapping and simultaneous localization. How is SLAM useful? Engineers can use SLAM for avoiding obstacles and also use them for path planning. SLAM software allows robot systems, drones, or autonomous vehicles to find paths in unknown environments and difficult terrains. This process involves a high amount of computing and processing power. SLAM can be useful for mapping areas that are too small or dangerous for ... Read More

Introduction Monitoring online systems, especially which are data intensive is extremely essential for a continuous health check, analyzing and detecting downtimes, and improving performance. The percentile−based method is a very efficient technique to gauge the behavior of such a system. Let's have a look at this method. A General Refresher What are percentiles and why are they useful? In statistics, the value which indicates that below which a certain group of observations falls is called a percentile or centile. For example, for a student, if he/she has scored 90 percentile marks, it means that 90% of the students have scored ... Read More

Introduction One of the most essential mathematical notations in computer science for determining an algorithm's effectiveness is the Big O notation. The length of time, memory, other resources, as well as a change in input size required to run an algorithm can all be used to evaluate how effective it is. Data structure's Big O Notation provides information about an algorithm's performance under various conditions. In other words, it provides the worst-case complexity or upper-bound runtime of an algorithm. Big O Notation in Data Structure A change in input size can affect how well an algorithm performs. Asymptotic notations, such ... Read More

YOLO and SSD are real-time object detection systems that possess significant differences, that have been listed below − YOLO (You Only Look Once) YOLO uses a neural network to help with real-time object detection. It became popular due to its speed and accuracy. It is considered a regression problem, where the algorithm looks at the object/s only once. There are algorithms associated with YOLO that achieve 155 FPS (frames per second). Image is divided into a grid, and every grid calculates class probabilities and bounding box parameters to determine the object in its entirety. It is an open-source detection ... Read More

The primary function of a communication system is to transfer a message signal from a sender to the receiver. In the process of data transfer, the signal used to transfer the data should have the necessary properties required for the transmission as per the transmission channel. Hence, there are some information coding techniques used to transform the message signal into a transferrable signal through the transmission channel. Two of such information coding schemes are Huffman Coding and Shannon Fano Coding. The most basic difference between Huffman Coding and Shannon Fano Coding is that the Huffman coding provides a variable ... Read More

Both Trees and Graphs are types of non−linear data structures. They are different from each other in the context of their types of connections and loop formation. That means, a tree structure is connected such that it can never have loops, whereas a graph structure follows a network model and may have loops. Read this article to find out more about Tress and Graphs and how they are different from each other. What is Tree? A Tree is a non−linear data structure that is used to represent hierarchy. It is a set of nodes that are joined together to ... Read More

In the context of programming, an Algorithm is a set of well-defined instructions in sequence to perform a particular task and achieve the desired output. Here we say "a set of defined instructions" which means that somewhere the user knows the outcome of those instructions if they get executed in the expected manner. On the basis of the knowledge about outcome of the instructions, there are two types of algorithms namely, Deterministic and Non-deterministic Algorithms. Read this article to learn more about deterministic and non-deterministic algorithms and how they are different from each other. What is Deterministic Algorithm? A deterministic ... Read More