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Here we will see another sorting algorithm called the Bogo Sort. This sort is also known as Permutation sort, Stupid sort, slow sort etc. This sorting algorithm is particularly ineffective sorting technique. This comes under the generate and test paradigm. It repeatedly generates a permutation until it is sorted. The conception is very straight forward. Until the list is sorted just shuffle the elements.AlgorithmbogoSort(array, n)Begin while the arr is not sorted, do shuffle arr done EndExample#include #include using namespace std; bool isSorted(int arr[], int n) { //check whether the list is sorted or not ... Read More
Here we will see the Class internals. Before that we will see Default constructors, which are related to internals. The default constructor is one constructor (defined by user or compiler) that does not take any argument. Now the question comes, why the default constructor is used?If the default constructor is not given, the compiler will implicitly declare default constructor. Default constructors are used to initialize some class internals. It will not affect the data member of the class. The compiler inserts default constructor in some different situations. Suppose a class is derived from another class with default constructor, or one ... Read More
In this section we will see one interesting problem. Suppose one number is given. We have to increase this number by 1. This is extremely simple task. But here we will place the number as an array. each digit of that number is placed as an element of the array. If the number is 512, then it will be stored as {5, 1, 2}. And also we have to increase the number using recursive approach. Let us see the algorithm to get the clear idea.Algorithmincrement(arr, n, index)Initially the default value of index is 0begin if index < n, then ... Read More
Here we will see how to add 1 with a number stored into a linked list. In the linked list, each digit of the numbers is stored. If the number is 512, then it will be stored like below −512 = (5)-->(1)-->(2)-->NULLWe are providing the list into the increment function. That will return another list after adding 1 with it. Here we are using the C++ STL linked list. Let us see the algorithm to bet better idea.AlgorithmincrementList(l1)Begin carry := 1 res := an empty list for each node n from l1, scan from last to first, ... Read More
Here we will see one interesting problem. Suppose one binary array is given of size n. Here n > 3. A true value or 1 value indicates that the active state, and 0 or false indicates inactive. Another number k is also given. We have to find active or inactive cells after k days. After every day state of ith cell will be active if the left and right cells are not same, if they are same, then it will be inactive. The left most and right most cell has no cell before and after it. So left most and ... Read More
The rat in maze problem is one of the well-known problem of the backtracking. Here we will see that problem with little variation. Suppose one NxN maze M is given. The starting point is top left corner M[0, 0], and the destination is right bottom corner M[N – 1, N - 1]. One rat is placed at the starting point. Our goal is to find a path from starting point to ending point that can be by the rat to reach the destination. Here the rat can jump (The variation). Now there are some constraintsThe rat can move either towards ... Read More
Here we will see one puzzle. Suppose there is a program which is given as below, we have to tell what will be the output and why?Example#include using namespace std; int main() { int x = 0xab; ~x; cout
Here we will see another sorting problem named Pancake sort. This problem is simple. We have one array. We have to sort this. But we can use only one operation called rev(arr, i). This will reverse the elements of arr from 0 to ith position.This idea is like the selection sort. We repeatedly place the max element at end reduce the size of the array. Let us see the algorithm to get the idea.AlgorithmpancakeSort(arr, n)Begin size := n while size > 1, do index := index of max element in arr from [0 to size ... Read More
In this section we will see one interesting problem. We will see two code segments. Both are with two nested loops. We have to identify which one will run faster. (We will assume that the compiler is not optimizing the code).Segment 1for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++){ for(int j = 0; j
Here we will see one matrix probability problem. We have one rectangular matrix. We can move four directions from the current cell with equal probability. These four directions are left, right, up and down. We have to calculate the probability after N moves from position M[i, j].Here we will do something related to DFS. We will traverse recursively traverse in each of the four possible rooms from the current room. Then we will calculate the probability with one less move. As each of the four directions has equal probability, then each direction will contribute 0.25 of total probability. If we ... Read More