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StringReader and StringWriter derive from TextReader and TextWriterStringWriter is used for writing into a string buffer. It implements a TextWriter for writing information to a string.For StringWriter −ExampleStringWriter sWriter = new StringWriter(); while(true) { myChar = strReader.Read(); if(myChar == -1) break; convertedChar = Convert.ToChar(myChar); if(convertedChar == '.') { strWriter.Write("."); sReader.Read(); sReader.Read(); }else { sWriter.Write(convertedChar); } } }StringReader to read a string −ExampleStringBuilder sbuilder = new StringBuilder(); // append sbuilder.AppendLine("Line one characters"); sbuilder.AppendLine("Line two characters"); sbuilder.AppendLine("Line three characters"); // ... Read More
To copy a collection to an array, firstly set it −List < string > list1 = new List < string > (); list1.Add("Car"); list1.Add("Bus"); list1.Add("Motorbike"); list1.Add("Train");Now declare a string array and use the CopyTo() method to copy −string[] arr = new string[20]; list1.CopyTo(arr);Let us see the complete code to copy collection to array −Exampleusing System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; public class Demo { public static void Main() { List < string > list1 = new List < string > (); list1.Add("Car"); list1.Add("Bus"); list1.Add("Motobike"); ... Read More
An operating system is a construct that allows the user application programs to interact with the system hardware. Operating system by itself does not provide any function but it provides an atmosphere in which different applications and programs can do useful work.The operating system can be observed from the point of view of the user or the system. This is known as the user view and the system view respectively. More details about these are given as follows −User ViewThe user view depends on the system interface that is used by the users. The different types of user view experiences ... Read More
Declare a member function as static. Such functions can access only static variables. The static functions exist even before the object is created.A static class cannot be instantiated and can only contain static members.Static methods is set using static keyword −public static int getNum() { return num; }The following example demonstrates the use of static and non-static methods −Exampleusing System; namespace StaticVarApplication { class StaticVar { public static int num; public void count() { num++; } public static int ... Read More
Use the static method String.Format for form double string format in C#.For three decimal places −String.Format("{0:0.000}", 987.383); String.Format("{0:0.000}", 987.38); String.Format("{0:0.000}", 987.7899);For thousands separator −String.Format("{0:0,0.0}", 54567.46); String.Format("{0:0,0}", 54567.46);To format string −Exampleusing System; class Demo { public static void Main(String[] args) { Console.WriteLine("Three decimal places..."); Console.WriteLine( String.Format("{0:0.000}", 987.383)); Console.WriteLine( String.Format("{0:0.000}", 987.38)); Console.WriteLine(String.Format("{0:0.000}", 987.7899)); Console.WriteLine("Thousands Separator..."); Console.WriteLine(String.Format("{0:0,0.0}", 54567.46)); Console.WriteLine(String.Format("{0:0,0}", 54567.46)); } }
String LiteralsString literals or constants are enclosed in double quotes "" or with @"". A string contains characters that are similar to character literals: plain characters, escape sequences, and universal characters.Here are some examples of String Literals −Hello, World" "Welcome, \The following is an example showing the usage of string literals −Exampleusing System; namespace Demo { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { // string string str1 ="Hello, World"; Console.WriteLine(str1); // Multi-line string ... Read More
The return statement is used to return value. When a program calls a function, the program control is transferred to the called function.The following is an example to learn about the usage of return statement in C#. Here, we are finding the average and returning the result using the return statement.double getAverage(int[] arr, int size) { int i; double avg; int sum = 0; for (i = 0; i < size; ++i) { sum += arr[i]; } avg = (double)sum / size; return avg; }Here is the complete ... Read More
Let us see an example of a list collection.We have set the elements −List list = new List(); list.Add(20); list.Add(40); list.Add(60); list.Add(80);Now let’s say we need to retrieve the first element from the list. For that, set the index like this −int a = list[0];The following is an example showing how to retrieve elements from a list collection −Exampleusing System; using System.Collections.Generic; class Demo { static void Main(String[] args) { List list = new List(); list.Add(20); list.Add(40); list.Add(60); list.Add(80); ... Read More
OverridingUnder overriding, you can define a behavior that's specific to the subclass type, which means a subclass can implement a parent class method based on its requirement.Let us see an example of abstract classes that implements Overriding −Exampleusing System; namespace PolymorphismApplication { abstract class Shape { public abstract int area(); } class Rectangle: Shape { private int length; private int width; public Rectangle( int a = 0, int b = 0) { length = a; ... Read More
The following are the differences between overriding and shadowing −Shadowing redefines the complete method, whereas overriding redefines only the implementation of the method.In Overriding, you can access the base class using the child class’ object overridden method.. Shadowing has cannot access the chaild class methos.Shadowing is also known as method hiding. The method of the parent class is available to the child class without using the override keyword in shadowing. The child class has its own version of the same function.Under overriding, you can define a behavior that is specific to the subclass type, which means a subclass can implement ... Read More