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Introduction Factory Acceptance Test (FAT) is a process which is performed to verify that the equipment or system is functioning properly and is meeting the company standards. It is usually conducted before shipping the product to the manufacturing plant. It is usually done in front of the customer. The FAT ensures that the system or equipment is as per the requirements of a customer. It also ensures that it is designed, and assembled properly. The system or equipment is tested under various operating conditions from normal to abnormal. The conditions are testing the equipment under different loads, testing ... Read More
Introduction Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA) is a United States Federal law which was enacted in 2010 to combat tax evasion by US taxpayers who hold assets in foreign financial institutions (FFIs). The law states that the FFIs will have to report the accounts held by US taxpayers to the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). Foreign financial institutions must register with the IRS and will have to disclose the names, account balances and addresses of US account holders. FFIs also need to disclose the amount of dividends and interest earned. If FFI fails to comply with FATCA ... Read More
Introduction Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) primary mission include safeguarding the country from terrorist threats and threats from foreign intelligence services, upholding and enforcing domestic criminal laws, and offering leadership and criminal justice services to both federal and local authorities. Investigations into a variety of criminal activities, including organised crime, cybercrime, public corruption, abuses of civil rights, and financial crimes, are the responsibility of the FBI. The FBI was established in 1908 and is headquartered in Washington, D.C. History of FBI Attorney General Charles Bonaparte, who was concerned about the lack of a centralised investigation organisation in the ... Read More
Introduction to EGR Exhaust Gas Recirculation or EGR functions by returning some of the exhaust gas from an engine to the cylinders. Diesel and some hydrogen engines employ exhaust gas recirculation as a method of reducing nitrogen oxide emissions. The combustion chamber's oxygen content is reduced and ambient air is replaced by the exhaust gas. Lower oxygen levels allow for less fuel to burn inside the cylinder, which lowers max in−cylinder temperatures. The actual volume of recycled exhaust gas changes depending on the engine's operating conditions. Benefits of EGR Higher Horsepower − The oxygen density of the engine's ... Read More
Introduction Competition Commission of India (CCI) was formed under the Competition Act which was established in 2002. After globalisation, monetisation and liberalisation, the Indian Government decided to open the Indian market. The main purpose of this commission is to provide assurance that there remains healthy competition in the Indian market. It helps to strengthen economic activities. This commission helps to make sure that there is no abuse from any dominant business or company and that every business, be it small or big, gets the chance to perform equally. Competition Commission of India – Objectives The CCI or the Competition ... Read More
Introduction Clearing Corporation of India Ltd (CCIL) built in 2001 started its operations in the month of February of 2002. The prime purpose of the CCIL is settling or clearing any kind of money transaction. It settles various monetary transactions by banks, primary dealers and various other financial institutions. It mostly deals with various instruments related to money market, foreign exchange and Government securities. By providing loyalty, CCIL has also become one of the main instruments for risk management. What is the Full Form of CCIL? The full form of the CCIL is the Clearing Corporation of India Ltd. ... Read More
Definition and Explanation about Constant Coding and Modulation Constant Coding and Modulation (CCM) is a technique used in wireless communication systems to provide reliable and efficient transmission of data. It involves the use of a constant coding scheme and modulation technique that is applied to each data packet transmitted. This ensures that each packet is transmitted with the same level of coding and modulation, regardless of the signal quality. CCM can improve the reliability of wireless transmissions by adapting to changing signal conditions and reducing errors. Additionally, CCM can increase the efficiency of wireless transmissions by reducing the need ... Read More
Introduction Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) refers to the use of video cameras to capture and transmit signals to a limited set of monitors or screens for surveillance, security, or monitoring purposes in a specific location or area. CCTV is used in various settings, such as homes, businesses, public spaces, and government facilities, to deter crime, monitor activity, and ensure safety and security. How does CCTV work? CCTV works by using video cameras to capture footage of a specific area, which is then transmitted to a set of monitors or screens for viewing and recording. Here's a detailed explanation of ... Read More
Introduction Entitlement Management Message (EMM) transmits messages to decryption modules in set−top boxes or other devices to ensure that only authorised users may access the encrypted material. Management of entitlement message access to encrypted data is managed during digital television transmission by a device known as Message, or EMM. Viewers who have paid for certain channels or services are given information through it. The viewer's rights are described in these messages, along with which channels and how long they have been subscribers to. To protect their content from unauthorised access, broadcasters use conditional access systems, of which ... Read More
Definition Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) results from a secondary nuclear reaction on the absorption of nuclear gamma radiation. It is also known as Transient Electromagnetic disturbance. The sun produces high energy levels of EMP on a regular basis as solar magnetic flares. High energy level EMP can also be generated from nuclear blasts by the emission of gamma rays which are converted into EMP in the mid−stratosphere. Characteristics They are high energy. The frequency can be low to high. It also occurs in the Sun and the other stars of a short interval. They have high amplitude. They affect ... Read More