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ProblemWrite a C program for storing the details of 5 students into a file and print the same using fread() and fwrite()SolutionThe fread() function reads the entire record at a time.Syntaxfread( & structure variable, size of (structure variable), no of records, file pointer);Examplestruct emp{ int eno; char ename [30]; float sal; } e; FILE *fp; fread (&e, sizeof (e), 1, fp);The fwrite() function writes an entire record at a time.Syntaxfwrite( & structure variable , size of structure variable, no of records, file pointer);Examplestruct emp{ int eno: char ename [30]; float sal; } e; FILE ... Read More
ProblemWrite a C program to concatenate n characters from source string to destination string using strncat library functionSolutionThe strcat functionThis function is used for combining or concatenating two strings.The length of the destination string must be greater than the source string.The resultant concatenated string will be in the source string.Syntaxstrcat (Destination String, Source string);Example 1#include main(){ char a[50] = "Hello"; char b[20] = "Good Morning"; clrscr ( ); strcat (a, b); printf("concatenated string = %s", a); getch ( ); }OutputConcatenated string = Hello Good MorningThe strncat functionThis function is used for combining or ... Read More
Strncmp is a predefined library function present in string.h file, it used to compare two strings and display which string is greater.The strcmp fucntion (String comparison)This function compares 2 strings. It returns the ASCII difference of the first two non– matching characters in both the strings.Syntaxint strcmp (string1, string2);If the difference is equal to zero, then string1 = string2.If the difference is positive, then string1> string2.If the difference is negative, then string1 0) { printf("%s is greater than %s", string1, string2); } else { printf("%s is less than %s", string1, string2); } ... Read More
ProblemHow to read a series of items that are present in a file and display the data in columns or tabular form using C ProgrammingSolutionCreate a file in write mode and write some series of information in the file and close it again open and display the series of data in columns on the console.Write mode of opening the fileFILE *fp; fp =fopen ("sample.txt", "w");If the file does not exist, then a new file will be created.If the file exists, then old content gets erased & current content will be stored.Read mode of opening the file FILE *fp fp =fopen ... Read More
Open a file in reading mode. If the file exists, then write a code to count the number of lines in a file. If the file does not exist, it displays an error that the file is not there.The file is a collection of records (or) It is a place on the hard disk where data is stored permanently.Following are the operations performed on files −Naming the fileOpening the fileReading from the fileWriting into the fileClosing the fileSyntaxFollowing is the syntax for opening and naming a file −1) FILE *File pointer; Eg : FILE * fptr; 2) File pointer ... Read More
A pointer is a variable that stores the address of another variable.Features of PointersPointer saves the memory space.The execution time of a pointer is faster because of direct access to memory location.With the help of pointers, the memory is accessed efficiently, i.e., memory is allocated and deallocated dynamically.Pointers are used with data structures.Declaring a pointerint *p;It means ‘p’ is a pointer variable that holds the address of another integer variable.Initialization of a pointerAddress operator (&) is used to initialize a pointer variable.For example, int qty = 175; int *p; p= &qty;Accessing a variable through its pointerTo access the value of ... Read More
ProblemWrite a C program to define the structure and display the size and offsets of member variablesStructure − It is a collection of different datatype variables, grouped together under a single name.General form of structure declarationdatatype member1; struct tagname{ datatype member2; datatype member n; };Here, struct - keywordtagname - specifies name of structuremember1, member2 - specifies the data items that make up structure.Examplestruct book{ int pages; char author [30]; float price; };Structure variablesThere are three ways of declaring structure variables −Method 1struct book{ int pages; char author[30]; float price; }b;Method 2struct{ ... Read More
The object-oriented life cycle model considers 'objects' as the basis of the software engineering process. The development team starts by observing and analyzing the system they intend to develop before defining the requirements. Once the process is over, they focus on identifying the objects of the system. Now, an object could be anything; it can have a physical existence like a customer, car, etc. An object also constitutes intangible elements like a process or a project.Advantages of Object-Oriented Life Cycle ModelApart from enhancing the system performance, object-oriented programming offers some advantages such as:Since it is data-focused and easy to work ... Read More
ProblemMention some of the legal and illegal declarations and initializations while doing C programming?Before discussing the legal and illegal statements let’s see how to declare and initialize the variables in C.Variable declarationFollowing is the syntax of variable declaration −SyntaxDatatype v1, v2, … vn;Where v1, v2, ...vn are names of the variables.For example, int sum;float a, b;Variable can be declared in two ways −local declarationglobal declarationThe ‘local declaration’ is declaring a variable inside the main block and its value is available within that block.The ‘global declaration’ is declaring a variable outside the main block and its value is available throughout the ... Read More
Life Cycle Phases of Data AnalyticsThe Data Analytics Lifecycle is a cyclic process which explains, in six stages, how information in made, collected, processed, implemented, and analyzed for different objectives.Data DiscoveryThis is the initial phase to set your project's objectives and find ways to achieve a complete data analytics lifecycle. Start with defining your business domain and ensure you have enough resources (time, technology, data, and people) to achieve your goals.The biggest challenge in this phase is to accumulate enough information. You need to draft an analytic plan, which requires some serious leg work.Accumulate resourcesFirst, you have to analyze the ... Read More