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Pass by value is termed as the values which are sent as arguments in C programming language.AlgorithmAn algorithm is given below to explain the working of pass by value in C language.START Step 1: Declare a function that to be called. Step 2: Declare variables. Step 3: Enter two variables a, b at runtime. Step 4: calling function jump to step 6. Step 5: Print the result values a, b. Step 6: Called function swap. i. Declare temp variable ii. Temp=a iii. a=b iv. b=temp STOPExampleGiven below is the C program to swap the two numbers ... Read More
The C library memory allocation function void *realloc(void *ptr, size_t size) attempts to resize the memory block pointed to by ptr that was previously allocated with a call to malloc or calloc.Memory allocation FunctionsMemory can be allocated in two ways as explained below −Once memory is allocated at compile time, it cannot be changed during execution. There will be a problem of either insufficiency or else wastage of memory.The solution is to create memory dynamically i.e. as per the requirement of the user during execution of program.The standard library functions which are used for dynamic memory management are as follows ... Read More
The C library memory allocation function void *calloc(size_t nitems, size_t size) allocates the requested memory and returns a pointer to it.The difference in malloc and calloc is that malloc does not set the memory to zero, whereas, calloc sets the allocated memory to zero.Memory allocation FunctionsMemory can be allocated in two ways as explained below −Once memory is allocated at compile time, it cannot be changed during execution. There will be a problem of either insufficiency or else wastage of memory.The solution is to create memory dynamically i.e. as per the requirement of the user during execution of program.The standard ... Read More
The C library memory allocation function void *malloc(size_t size) allocates the requested memory and returns a pointer to it.Memory allocation FunctionsMemory can be allocated in two ways as explained below −Once memory is allocated at compile time, it cannot be changed during execution. There will be a problem of either insufficiency or else wastage of memory.The solution is to create memory dynamically i.e. as per the requirement of the user during execution of program.The standard library functions which are used for dynamic memory management are as follows −malloc ( )calloc ( )realloc ( )free ( )The Malloc() FunctionThis function is ... Read More
It is a pointer that can hold the address of any datatype variable (or) can point to any datatype variable.DeclarationThe declaration for void pointer is as follows −void *pointername;For example − void *vp;Accessing − Type cast operator is used for accessing the value of a variable through its pointer.SyntaxThe syntax for void pointer is given below −* ( (type cast) void pointer)Example 1int i=10; void *vp; vp = &i; printf ("%d", * ((int*) vp)); // int * type castExampleFollowing is the C program for void pointer − Live Demo#include main ( ){ int i =10; float f = 5.34; ... Read More
Pointer is a variable that stores the address of another variable.FeaturesPointer saves the memory space.Execution time of pointer is faster because of direct access to memory location.With the help of pointers, the memory is accessed efficiently, i.e., memory is allocated and deallocated dynamically.Pointers are used with data structures.Pointer declaration and initializationConsider the following statement −int qty = 179;In memory, the variable can be represented as follows −Declaring a pointerIt means ‘p’ is a pointer variable, which holds the address of another integer variable, as shown below −Int *p;Initialization of a pointerAddress operator (&) is used to initialise a pointer variable.For ... Read More
Pointer is a variable that stores the address of another variable.FeaturesPointer saves the memory space.Execution time of pointer is faster because of direct access to memory location.With the help of pointers, the memory is accessed efficiently, i.e., memory is allocated and deallocated dynamically.Pointers are used with data structures.Pointers and two dimensional arraysMemory allocation for a two-dimensional array is as follows −int a[3] [3] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9};a[1] [2] = *(1234 + 1*3+2) = *(1234 + 3+2) = *(1234 + 5*4) // 4 is Scale factor = * (1234+20) = *(1254) a[1] [2] = 6ExampleFollowing ... Read More
Pointer is a variable that stores the address of another variable.FeaturesThe features of pointer are explained below −Pointer saves the memory space.Execution time of pointer is faster because of direct access to the memory location.With the help of pointers, the memory is accessed efficiently, i.e., memory is allocated and deallocated dynamically.Pointers are used with data structures.Pointer declaration, initialization and accessingConsider the following statement −int qty = 179;In memory, the variable can be represented as follows −Declaring a pointerIt means ‘p’ is a pointer variable which holds the address of another integer variable, as mentioned in the statement below −Int *p;Initialization ... Read More
The array is a group of related items that is stored with a common name.Declaring arrayThe syntax used for declaring an array is as follows −datatype array_name [size];InitializationAn array can be initialized in two ways, which are as follows −Compile time initializationRuntime initializationAn array can also be initialized at the time of declaration as follows −int a[5] = {100, 200, 300, 400, 500};FunctionA function is a self-contained block that carries out a specific well-defined task. The two ways of passing the arrays as arguments to functions are as follows −Sending an entire array as argument to function.Sending the individual elements ... Read More
An array is a group of related items that is stored with a common name.Declaring arrayThe syntax for declaring an array is as follows −datatype array_name [size];InitializationAn array can be initialized in two ways, which are as follows −Compile time initialization.Runtime initialization.An array can also be initialized at the time of declaration as follows −int a[5] = {100, 200, 300, 400, 500};FunctionA function is a self-contained block that carries out a specific well-defined task. The two ways of passing the arrays as arguments to functions are as follows −Sending an entire array as an argument to function.Sending the individual elements ... Read More