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We can switch different browser tabs using Selenium webdriver in Python using the method switch_to.window. By default, the webdriver has access to the parent window.Once another browser tab is opened, the switch_to.window helps to switch the webdriver focus to the tab. The window handle of the browser window where we want to shift is passed as a parameter to that method.The method window_handles contains the list of all window handle ids of the opened browsers. The method current_window_handle is used to hold the window handle id of the browser window in focus.Syntaxp = driver.current_window_handle parent = driver.window_handles[0] chld = driver.window_handles[1] ... Read More
We can switch back from a frame to default in Selenium webdriver using the switchTo().defaultContent() method. Initially, the webdriver control remains on the main web page.In order to access elements within the frame, we have to shift the control from the main page to the frame with the help of the switchTo().frame and pass the frame name/id or webelement of the frame as a parameter to that method.Finally, again we can switch the control to the main page with the switchTo().defaultContent() method. A frame is identified in the html code with the tag names – frame, iframe or frameset.Let us ... Read More
We can determine the exact time to load a page using Selenium webdriver. We can capture the time before the page load with help of the System.currentTimeMillis method.After the URL for the application is launched, we have to wait for the page to be loaded completely with the help of the explicit wait condition. Once the expected criteria for the element is met, we shall again record the current time.The difference between the time recorded prior and post the page load will measure the exact time to load a page.Syntaxlong s = System.currentTimeMillis();Exampleimport org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver; ... Read More
We can use relative xpath for locating web-element by particular attribute value. A relative xpath begins from the element to be located and not from the root.It begins with the // symbol. It’s advantage is that even if an element is deleted or added in the DOM, the relative xpath for a specific element remains unaffected. To obtain a relative path by an attribute, the xpath expression is //tagname[@attribute='value'].Let us identify the below highlighted element on the page with the help of the alt attribute.Syntaxl = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//img[@alt='tutorialspoint']")Examplefrom selenium import webdriver #set chromodriver.exe path driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path="C:\chromedriver.exe") driver.implicitly_wait(0.5) #launch URL driver.get("https://www.tutorialspoint.com/about/about_careers.htm") ... Read More
We can send keyboard input to a textbox on a webpage in Selenium webdriver in Python using the method send_keys. The text to be entered is passed as a parameter to that method.To perform keyboard actions, we can also use the send_keys method and then pass the class Keys. as a parameter to that method. To use the Keys class, we have to add from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys statement to the code.Syntaxi = driver.find_element_by_name("txt") i.send_keys("Selenium") i.send_keys(Keys.RETURN)Let us try to send keyboard input to a textbox on a page −Examplefrom selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys #set chromodriver.exe path driver ... Read More
We can display all items in the list in the dropdown with Selenium webdriver using the Select class. A dropdown is represented by select tag and itsoptions are represented by option tag.To obtain all the list of items we have to use the method getOptions. Its return type is list. Then we have to iterate through this list and obtain it with the help of the getText method.Let us see the html code of a dropdown along with its options – Please select an option, Option 1 and Option 2.SyntaxWebElement d = driver.findElement(By.tagName("select")); Select l = new Select(d); List m ... Read More
We can loop through a menu list on a webpage using Selenium webdriver.In a webpage, a list is represented by an ul tag and it consists of elements with li tag. Thus the li tag can be said as the child of ul.First, we have to identify the element with ul tag with any locator, then traverse through its li sub-elements with the help of a loop. Finally, use the method getText to obtain the text on the li elements.Let us try to identify the menu list on a webpage.Exampleimport org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; import ... Read More
We can get details of a web page like url, title, domain name of webpage using JavaScript Executor in Selenium webdriver. Selenium can execute JavaScript commands with the help of the executeScript method. The command to be executed is passed as a parameter to that method.SyntaxTo get the page title, JavascriptExecutor j = (JavascriptExecutor) driver; String s = j.executeScript("return document.title;").toString();To get the current URL, String p = j.executeScript("return document.URL;").toString();To get the domain, String d = j.executeScript("return document.domain;").toString();Exampleimport org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; public class JavaScrptScope{ public static void main(String[] args) { System.setProperty("webdriver.gecko.driver", ... Read More
We can use JavaScript Executor to click and enter data to a web element in Selenium webdriver. Selenium can run JavaScript commands with the help of the executeScript method.To click an element, the parameters to the executeScript method are - arguments[0].click(); and the webelement locator.SyntaxWebElement l = driver.findElement(By.className("gsc-input")); JavascriptExecutor j = (JavascriptExecutor) driver; j.executeScript("arguments[0].click();", l);Then to enter data to the edit box, the parameter passed to the executeScript method is – web element locator.valueSyntaxj.executeScript("document.getElementsByName('gsc-i-id1')[0].value= 'Java'");Let us try to click on the below edit box and enter data into it.Exampleimport org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; import org.openqa.selenium.JavascriptExecutor; ... Read More
We can get page source as it is in browser using Selenium webdriver using the getPageSource method. It allows us to obtain the code of the page source.SyntaxString p = driver.getPageSource();We can also obtain the page source by identifying the body tag with the help offindElement method and then apply the getText method on it. The parameter By.tagName is passed as a parameter to the findElement method.SyntaxWebElement l= driver.findElement(By.tagName("body")); String p = l.getText();ExampleCode Implementation with getPageSourceimport org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; public class PgSrc{ public static void main(String[] args) { System.setProperty("webdriver.gecko.driver", ... Read More