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The next greater element is the element that is first greater element after it. Let's see an example.arr = [4, 5, 3, 2, 1]The next greater element for 4 is 5 and the next greater element for elements 3, 2, 1 is -1 as there is no greater element after them.AlgorithmInitialise the array with random numbers.Initialise a stack and an array.Iterate from the end of the array.Remove the elements from the stack until it empty and the top element is less than or equal to the current element.If the stack is empty, then there is no next greater element. So ... Read More
The newman-shanks-williams prime sequence is as follows1, 1, 3, 7, 17, 41...If we generalise the sequence items, we geta0=1 a1=1 an=2*a(n-1)+a(n-2)AlgorithmInitialise the number n.Initialise the first numbers of the sequence 1 and 1.Write a loop that iterates till n.Compute the next number using the previous numbers.Update the previous two numbers.Return the last number.ImplementationFollowing is the implementation of the above algorithm in C++#include using namespace std; int getNthTerm(int n) { if(n == 0 || n == 1) { return 1; } int a = 1, b = 1; for(int i = 3; i
The nesbitt's inequality is (a/(b + c)) + (b/(c + a)) + (c/(a + b))>= 1.5, a > 0, b > 0, c > 0Given three number, we need to check whether the three numbers satisfy Nesbitt's inequality or not.We can test whether three number are satisfied nesbitt's inequality or not. It's a straightforward program.AlgorithmInitialise three numbers a, b, and c.Compute the values of each part from the equation.Add them all.If the total sum is greater than or equal to 1.5 then it satisfies the Nesbitt's inequality else it is not satisfied.ImplementationFollowing is the implementation of the above algorithm in ... Read More
Lexical Analysis can be designed using Transition Diagrams.Finite Automata (Transition Diagram) − A Directed Graph or flowchart used to recognize token.The transition Diagram has two parts −States − It is represented by circles.Edges − States are connected by Edges Arrows.Example − Draw Transition Diagram for "if" keyword.To recognize Token ("if"), Lexical Analysis has to read also the next character after "f". Depending upon the next character, it will judge whether the "if" keyword or something else is.So, Blank space after "if" determines that "If" is a keyword."*" on Final State 3 means Retract, i.e., control will again come to previous ... Read More
A compiler is a computer program that converts source code written in a computer language (the source language) into another computer language (the target language, providing having a binary form referred to as object code). The best reason for inadequate to convert source code is to create an executable code.The compiler is generally used for programs that translate source code from a high-level programming language to a lower-level language (e.g., assembly language or machine code). A program that translates from a low-level language to a higher level one is a decompiler.A program that translates between high-level languages is generally known ... Read More
It is an approach for making a self-compiling compiler that is a compiler written in the source programming language that it determine to compile. A bootstrap compiler can compile the compiler and thus you can use this compiled compiler to compile everything else and the future versions of itself.Uses of BootstrappingThere are various uses of bootstrapping which are as follows −It can allow new programming languages and compilers to be developed starting from actual ones.It allows new features to be combined with a programming language and its compiler.It also allows new optimizations to be added to compilers.It allows languages and ... Read More
Macro-ProcessorsMany assembly languages support a “macro” facility whereby a macro statement will translate into a sequence of assembly language statements and possibly other macro statements before being translated into a machine program. Therefore, a macro facility is a text replacement capability.It can illustrate the utility of macros, consider a situation in which a machine does not have a single machine or assembly language statement that adds the contents of one memory address to another as hypothetical assembly instruction ADD X, Y. Instead, suppose the machine has an instruction LOAD, which moves a datum from memory to a register, an instruction ... Read More
Detection and reporting of errors in the source program is the main function of the compiler. An error can occur at any phase of compilation. A good compiler must determine the line number of the program exactly, where the errors have occurred. Various errors that can occur at a different level of compilation are as follows −The first of these are lexical (scanner) errors − Some of the most common types here consist of illegal or unrecognized characters, mainly, caused by typing errors. A common way for this to happen is for the programmer to type a character that is ... Read More
Imperative LanguagesImperative languages are those which facilitate the computation by mean of state changes. By a state, it means the condition of a computer’s random access memory (RAM) or storage. It is helpful to think of computer memory as a sequence of snapshots, each one capturing the values in all memory cells at a particular time. Each snapshot records a state.When a program is entered, associated data exists in a certain condition, say an unsorted list off-line. It is the programmer’s job to specify a sequence of changes to the store that will produce the desired final state, perhaps a ... Read More
Procedural LanguagesProcedural languages are command-driven or statement-oriented languages. A program includes a sequence of statements, and the implementation of each statement generates the interpreter to modify the value of one or more areas in its memory that enters a new state.The format of procedural languages arestatement1;statement2;C, Pascal, FORTRAN, and equivalent languages are procedural languages. Each statement in the language communicates the computer to do something. A program in a procedural language is a list of instructions. For very small programs, no other arranging principle is required. Such language includes a sequence of procedures that execute when called. Each procedure includes ... Read More