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In this problem, we are given an array arr[] in which each element represents a pile of boxes (each of unit height). Our task is to find the number of boxes to be removed.The person is standing at index 0 of the array at the height of the pile of boxes and he needs to move to the end of the array. The condition to move from one pile to the next is by jumping to the next.Jump is possible only when the next pile is at the same height or is at height less than it. If the height ... Read More
In this problem, we are given an integer value N.Our task is to Find the nth term of the series −9, 45, 243, 1377, 8019, …Let’s take an example to understand the problem,Input : N = 4 Output : 1377Solution ApproachA simple solution to find the problem is by finding the Nth term using observation technique. On observing the series, we can formulate as follow −(11 + 21)*31 + (12 + 22)*32 + (13 + 23)*33 … + (1n + 2n)*3nExampleProgram to illustrate the working of our solution#include #include using namespace std; long findNthTermSeries(int n){ return ( ( (pow(1, n) + pow(2, n)) )*pow(3, n) ); } int main(){ int n = 4; cout
In this problem, we are given an integer value N. Our task is to find the nth term of the series −0, 8, 64, 216, 512, 1000, 1728, 2744…Let’s take an example to understand the problem, Input: N = 6 Output: 1000Solution ApproachTo find the Nth term of the series, we need to closely observe the series. The series is the cube of even numbers, where the first term is 0.So, the series can be decoded as −[0]3, [2]3, [4]3, [6]3, [8]3, [10]3…For ith term, T1 = [0]3 = [2*(1-1)]3T2 = [2]3 = [2*(2-1)]3T3 = [4]3 = [2*(3-1)]3T4 = [6]3 ... Read More
In this problem, we are given an integer value N. Our task is to Find the nth term of the given series −0, 0, 2, 1, 4, 2, 6, 3, 8, 4, 10, 5, 12, 6, 14, 7, 16, 8, 18, 9, 20, 10… Let’s take an example to understand the problem, Input − N = 6 Output − 2Solution ApproachTo find the Nth term of the series, we need to closely observe the series. It is the mixture of two series and odd and even terms of the series. Let’s see each of them, At even positions −T(2) = 0T(4) ... Read More
Companies in many countries, especially developing countries, may need assistance from the government to sustain and grow. The companies in these countries may be provided with reduced interest on the loans they acquire from the market or investors. These reductions are offered by the governments and are known as subsidies.Subsidized FinancingSubsidized financing is a mode of financing in which the interest on the loans for sourced funds are paid partially or completely by the government. The subsidized financing process is a way to help companies grow and achieve efficiency in financing. The subsidy in interests of loans are one of ... Read More
The ultimate capital structure formed with debt, equity, and preferred debt that a company strives to obtain is known as the target capital structure of a company. The target capital structure of a company is decided depending upon some factors that are related to the financial condition of the company.Usually, companies define their target capital structure by optimizing the values of debt and equity and they make sure that the risk associated with the target capital structure is minimum. The company uses its target capital structure while it raises new capital from the market.Factors that Affect the Target Capital Structure ... Read More
Issue costs are one-time costs that are incurred while raising funds by debt and equity financing for a project. As the name suggests, every company needs to spend money while issuing securities in the stock exchange. It is incurred while offering the IPOs or raising debt from the market through issuance of securities. Although the issue costs are not ongoing, it may be a significant amount and hence must be accounted for in the Adjusted Present Value (APV) method of evaluation of a project.In legal terms, issue costs may be attached to any kind of cost that is incurred while ... Read More
Levered beta indicates the systematic risk a stock has in the capital asset pricing model (CAPM). In CAPM, the function of the financial debt versus equity represents the levered beta or equity beta.The debt a company collects from the markets and the equity it has in its reservoir make up the comparison that shows the levered beta of a stock.The debt portion of an investment in a project that has been resourced from the market makes big difference in the financials of the project.If a large amount of debt is used to finance a project, the risks associated with the ... Read More
The choice of using Capital Cash Flow (CCF) in evaluating an investment project is related more to convenience than theoretical grounds. CCF is not the only approach for evaluating an investment project. It is used to evaluate a project when some certain conditions are present. In this article, we will discuss the conditions that should be met in order to choose CCF as an evaluation tool for an investment project.The evaluation of a project rests more on whether debt is fixed, or the debt-to-equity ratio is fixed in an investment. The fact is that, calculations of a project can be ... Read More
The asset beta or unlevered beta of the assets of a company is a representation of the systematic risks of the assets. The asset beta is the weighted average of debt beta and equity beta of the assets. It is also called unlevered beta because it can be determined from the equity beta.To determine the unlevered beta, the equity beta has to be divided by a factor 1 plus (1 minus tax rate) times the debt-to-equity ratio of the company. That is, $$\mathrm{Unlevered \:Beta\:=\:\frac{Equity\: Beta}{1+[(1-Tax \:rate)\times(\mbox{Debt-Equity} \:Ratio)]}}$$Asset Beta and Systematic RiskAsset beta also has a direct impact on the systematic ... Read More