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The principle of risk assessment are as follows −The assessment should have clear goals reflecting the informational needs of decision makers and decided in an iterative dialogue between the assessor and the decision-maker.Risk assessment is always connected to decision-making. In specific, it can provide prioritize actions, provide objective and defensible means to distinguish among alternative courses of action, and allows a choice to be made.The scope and content should be depends on the goals of the assessment and best professional judgment, treating the benefits and costs of acquiring more information before undertaking the assessment.The scope of the assessment are as ... Read More
The companies that pay regular dividends generally use informational content to promote their status in the market. A company that pays regular dividends increasingly is appreciated more by investors which helps the company in collecting more benefits in terms of investment by the lenders, debtors, and investors in the market.Therefore, companies that pay regular dividends use the information in their favor to increase the share prices or to attract more investment. This process of dividend signaling to investors is known as the dividend signaling hypothesis.How Does Dividend Signaling Help Companies?The MM model suggests that a company that is strong enough ... Read More
According to the Miller Modigliani model of dividend theory, shareholders need not depend solely on dividends provided by the parent company to raise cash. They can sell their shares in the market to get the money they want. This is known as a Homemade Dividend because the part of cash generated in the process is not like regular methods. Instead, it is more like a homemade situation which lets the shareholders earn the cash.After the execution of a homemade dividend, shareholders will be left with less rights on the given company and the rights will be transferred to a new ... Read More
Information security risk assessment is an essential part of enterprises management practices that provides to identify, quantify, and prioritize risks against element for risk acceptance and goals relevant to the organization.Risk management defines a process that includes identification, management, and elimination or reduction of the likelihood of events that can negatively influence the resources of the information system to decrease security risks that potentially have the ability to affect the information system, subject to an acceptable value of protection defines that include a risk analysis, analysis of the “cost-effectiveness” parameter, and selection, construction, and testing of the security subsystem, and ... Read More
Companies use their net earnings either to keep them as retained earnings or to distribute them as dividends. The need for retained earnings or dividend payout is solely a matter of management's decision. However, in the case of a conflict to choose between the two, it is up to the dividend policy of the firm that is created before earning a net income.The objectives of a company's dividend policy can be divided into two major parts.The Company's Need for Funding its Future ProjectsFirms may use the net earnings as retained earnings to fund their future projects.As retained earnings have some ... Read More
Risk analysis defines the review of risks related to the specific action or event. The risk analysis is used to information technology, projects, security issues and some other event where risks can be analysed based on a quantitative and qualitative basis.There are some steps followed by a risk analysis process are as follows −Establish the Risk Assessment Team − The risk assessment team will be answerable for the collection, analysis, and documenting of the assessment results to management. It is essential that some aspects of the activity work flow be defined on the team, such as human resources, administrative processes, ... Read More
Suppose we have a number n. We perform any one of these operations arbitrary number of times −Replace n with n/2 when n is divisible by 2Replace n with 2n/3 when n is divisible by 3Replace n with 4n/5 when n is divisible by 5We have to count minimum number of moves needed to make number 1. If not possible, return -1.So, if the input is like n = 10, then the output will be 4, because use n/2 to get 5, then 4n/5 to get 4, then n/2 again to get 2 and n/2 again to get 1.StepsTo solve ... Read More
Risk management defines the review of risks related to the particular action or event. The risk management is used to information technology, projects, security problems and some other activities where risks can be analysed based on a quantitative and qualitative basis.Risks are an element of each IT project and business organizations. The management of risk should be appeared on a regular basis and be updated to recognize new potential threats. The strategic risk management provides to minimize the future risk probability and damage.Risk management involves the following steps which are as follows −Identify the Risk − The first step is ... Read More
Myron Gordon proposed a dividend model that included some more assumptions than the Walter's model. Gordon's model increased the assumptions of Walter's model and it reflected the evaluation of projects of those firms that have palpable tax and cost of capital greater than growth rate.Gordon's model has all the assumptions of Walter's model. In addition, it has three more assumptions which include −No Taxes − No corporate taxes should exist with the firm.Constant Retention Ratio − The Retention ratio is constant and does not change with changing income or expenses.The cost of capital is greater than the growth rate. In ... Read More
Information security risk management is the ongoing procedure of discovering, correcting, and avoiding security issues. Risk assessment is an elemental part of an organization's risk management procedure, designed to support appropriate security levels for its data systems and data.Risk is basically anything that threatens or limits the ability of an organization to implement its mission. Risk Management should be a group of continuous and developing processes that are used throughout an organization’s approaches and should methodically address some risks surrounding previous, present and future activities.The information security risks facing an organization will vary with the feature of the processing implemented ... Read More