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Technical articles with clear explanations and examples
Shortest Word Distance II in C++
Suppose there is a class that receives a list of words in the constructor, there will be a method that takes two words word1 and word2 and find the shortest distance between these two words in the list. That method will be called repeatedly many times with different parameters.Let us assume that words = ["practice", "makes", "perfect", "skill", "makes"].So, if the input is like word1 = “skill”, word2 = “practice”, then the output will be 3To solve this, we will follow these steps −Define one map mThe initializer takes an array of wordsfor initialize i := 0, when i < ...
Read MoreHow to create a random vector in R that sums to 1?
To create a random vector that sums to 1, we can use uniform distribution. The main thing that needs to be done cautiously is we should include 0 in the vector with randomly generating uniform distribution values. Check out the below examples to understand how it can be done.Example1> x1 x1Output[1] 0.45490995 0.23826247 -0.07338489 -0.33361362 0.26125094 -0.45243689 [7] 0.05967125 0.43007076 0.04069027 0.37457976Example> sum(x1)Output[1] 1Example2> x2 x2Output[1] 1.84330339 -0.11622911 -0.15001654 0.07803346 -0.17353612 0.23651847 [7] -0.21121933 -0.30938763 0.44503222 -0.64249881Example> sum(x2)Output[1] 1Example3> x3 x3Output[1] 2.63249755 1.17230387 -0.28068787 0.58040911 -1.48530836 -0.04894802 [7] 0.66718009 0.13504265 -0.18253891 -0.49757615 1.63580429 -2.31002917 [13] 2.66256899 -2.40636756 2.03789127 0.13579276 -0.75107129 ...
Read MoreStrobogrammatic Number II in C++
Suppose we have a length n. We have to find all strobogrammatic numbers that are of length n.As we know that a strobogrammatic number is a number that looks the same when rotated 180 degrees.So, if the input is like n = 2, then the output will be ["11", "69", "88", "96"]To solve this, we will follow these steps −Define an array retif n is odd, then −insert "0" at the end of retinsert "1" at the end of retinsert "8" at the end of retOtherwiseinsert blank string at the end of retfor n > 1, update n := n ...
Read MoreHow to create a plot using rgb colors in R?
The rgb colors are referred to red green and blue. This combination helps us to create many different colors. In R, we can use rgb function to create a plot using with different colors along with the image function. If we want to have a plot with rgb colors without any axes title or axes labels then the appropriate arguments should be used inside the image function as shown in the below example.ExampleConsider the below data frame:> set.seed(9991) > x1 x2 x3 df dfOutput x1 x2 ...
Read MoreGroup Shifted Strings in C++
Suppose we have a string, we can "shift" each of its letter to its successive letter, so: "abc" can be changed to "bcd". We can keep doing this operation which forms the sequence: "abc" -> "bcd" -> ... -> "xyz". If we have a list of non-empty strings that contains only lowercase alphabets, we have to group all strings that belong to the same shifting sequence.So, if the input is like ["abc", "bcd", "acef", "xyz", "az", "ba", "a", "z"], then the output will be [ ["abc", "bcd", "xyz"], ["az", "ba"], ["acef"], ["a", "z"] ]To solve this, we will follow these ...
Read MoreCount Univalue Subtrees in C++
Suppose we have a binary tree; we have to count the number of uni-value subtrees. Here the Uni-value subtree indicates all nodes of the subtree have the same value.So, if the input is like root = [5, 1, 5, 5, 5, null, 5], then the output will be 4To solve this, we will follow these steps −Define a function solve(), this will take node, if node is empty, then −return trueleft := solve(left of node)right := solve(right of node)if left is false or right is false, then −return falseif left of node is present and val of node is not ...
Read MoreHow to standardized a column in an R data frame?
The standardization means converting a vector or column of an R data frame in a way such that the mean of the same becomes 0 and the standard deviation becomes 1, that is it should be converted to standard normal distribution. In R, it can be easily done with the help of scale function. Check out the below example to understand how it is done.ExampleConsider the below data frame:> set.seed(3665) > x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6 df dfOutputx1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6 1 1.3958185 49.39843 128.5224 3 4.183664 2.33406246 2 1.0467979 48.90103 120.5796 7 3.526731 0.02043217 3 0.9190516 ...
Read MoreFlatten 2D Vector in C++
Suppose we have a 2D vector, we have to design and implement an iterator to flatten that 2d vector. There will be different methods as follows −next() − This will return the next element of the current elementhasNext() − This will check whether next element is present or notSo, if the input is like [[1, 2], [3], [4]] then if we call the functions as follows −iterator.next();iterator.next();iterator.next();iterator.hasNext();iterator.hasNext();iterator.next();iterator.hasNext();then the output will be [1, 2, 3, true, true, 4, false]To solve this, we will follow these steps −Define one 2D array vDefine initializer this will take one 2D array v, rowPointer := ...
Read MoreMeeting Rooms II in C++
Suppose there is an array of meeting time intervals. There are two times start and end times [[s1,e1],[s2,e2],...] and each pair satisfies the rule (si < ei), We have to find the minimum number of conference rooms required.So, if the input is like [[0, 30], [5, 10], [15, 20]], then the output will be 2.To solve this, we will follow these steps −define one priority queue pqsort the intervals arrayret := 0for initialize i := 0, when i < size of intervals, update (increase i by 1), do −while (not pq is empty and top element of pq
Read MoreFactor Combinations in C++
Suppose we have a number. The numbers can be regarded as a product of its factors. So, 8 = 2 x 2 x 2; = 2 x 4. We have to make one function that takes an integer n and return all possible combinations of its factors.So, if the input is like 12, then the output will be [[2, 6], [2, 2, 3], [3, 4]]To solve this, we will follow these steps −Define a function solve(), this will take n, target, start, define one list of lists called retif n is same as 1, then −return retif n is not ...
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