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The Kernel I/O Subsystem is a fundamental component of modern operating systems. It is responsible for managing all input/output (I/O) operations on a computer. The I/O subsystem provides various services that enable efficient and secure management of the I/O operations. I/O Request Scheduling in the Kernel One of the key services provided by the I/O subsystem is the scheduling of I/O requests. Scheduling involves determining the best order in which to execute I/O requests to improve system performance, share device access permissions fairly, and reduce the average waiting time, response time, and turnaround time for I/O operations to complete. ... Read More
A kernel is the core component of an operating system that acts as a bridge between the hardware and software. It manages system resources such as memory, CPU, and input/output devices, and provides a layer of abstraction between the hardware and higher-level software components. Functions of a Kernel Device Management A kernel manages the various peripheral devices connected to the computer and controls them using device drivers. Memory Management A kernel controls the computer's memory and allocates it to processes safely. It uses virtual addressing to prevent processes from crashing into each other. Resource Management A kernel shares resources between ... Read More
KaiOS is a mobile operating system that is designed to run on low-powered phones and IoT devices. It offers a middle ground between traditional flip phones and full-fledged smartphones, supporting features like 4G LTE, GPS, and Wi-Fi. Originally based on Firefox OS, KaiOS is now web-based and offers users a few extra apps beyond calling and texting, making it a good option for those who want more than a basic phone but don't need all the features of a smartphone. Developing for KaiOS To develop an app for KaiOS, you will need to use web technologies such as HTML, ... Read More
Registered Jack The Registered jack is a network interface to connect various data equipment and telecommunication systems to provide the services offered by the telephone exchange. The local channels then exchange data for the shorter or longer-distance carriers. It offers network cabling, fixing wires, and jack construction. Customers and telephone companies have to register through the registration interface to deliver and manage the physical installation of jacks and wires this was made mandatory in the year 1970 by Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and registered connections have brought to real-time usage in the year 1973 with the physical setup of wires, ... Read More
Email communication has been possible only with the help of the SMTP protocol. It is used at the last layer of the OSI (Open Source Interconnection) model. The SMTP has two main parts SMTP client request and SMTP server response. The mode of communication between the client and server is established with the commands. The SMTP Response is sent with a 3-digit number along with the text messages and can be detected using the first digit of the SMTP response. Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) SMTP is a type of Application layer protocol used to send and receive mail. It ... Read More
Google Cloud provides users with different resources and one among them is Database services. After exploring the database services from the websites, choosing the right for your concern is difficult as there are many options available. The primary purpose of these services is to store the data securely and globally. There are three types of services provided namely hybrid data distribution, regional data distribution, and multi-cloud distribution. In the below article based on the database, the services provided by them are explained. Google Cloud Database Services Deploying Database The Google Cloud database supports three main types of deployment that are ... Read More
Repeaters and bridges are both networking devices, both used to extend the range of a network, more specifically bridge provides the facility to combine various LANs (Local Area Networks) to develop a larger LAN. While repeaters are mainly used to amplify signal strength when the signal comes to the repeater it regenerates, which would be an amplified signal of the same and retransmits. Repeaters are commonly used in LANs to extend the range of a network more than the 100-meter limit of Ethernet. Bridge works at the Data Link Layer (DLL) of the model named OSI and they use MAC ... Read More
In this golang article, we will learn how to return the values from the block using external function, an anonymous function. A block is created using curly braces where the scope of variables remains inside the block and not outside of it. Example 1 In this Example, two values of x and y are added in the code block and z will be assigned the added value. Then, call the function getResult in which another x and y are added and assigned to z in the code block. package main import "fmt" func main() { ... Read More
In this golang article, we will write Go language programs to convert milliseconds to minutes and seconds using various methods. Milliseconds are converted to minutes and seconds mathematically using different set of logics. Algorithm Step 1 − Import the required packages in the program Step 2 − Create a main function Step 3 − In the main take milliseconds value and convert it into minutes and seconds using different logics mathematically Step 4 − Then, print the output using Printf function from the fmt package Example 1 In this Example, we will take the milliseconds value. Then, the ... Read More
In this article, we will learn to write Go language programs that will create multiple BEGIN and END blocks using curly braces, “conditional statements”, as well as “external functions”. A block is created using curly braces, the scope of a variable remains inside the block and not outside it. Algorithm Step 1 − Create a package main and declare fmt(format package) package in the program where main produces executable codes and fmt helps in formatting input and output. Step 2 − Create a main function Step 3 − In the main, create a first block by initializing ... Read More