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A square wave is a type of non-sinusoidal waveform that is widely used in electric and digital circuits to show signals. Basically, these circuits use a square wave to represent input and output or on and off. Python provides several ways to plot square waves including Matplotlib, NumPy and Scipy libraries. These libraries offer various built-in methods for data visualization, making it easy to create and customize square wave plots. Python Program for plotting a Square Wave Before discussing the example programs, it is necessary to familiarize ourselves with the basics of Matplotlib, NumPy and Scipy libraries. ... Read More
Tarjan’s algorithm is to locate strongly linked components in a directed graph, Robert Tarjan created the graph traversal technique known as Tarjan's algorithm in 1972. Without going over previously processed nodes, it effectively locates and handles each highly related component using a depth-first search strategy and a stack data structure. The algorithm is often employed in computer science and graph theory and has several uses, including algorithm creation, network analysis, and data mining. Kosaraju’s algorithm consists of two passes over the graph. In the first pass, the graph is traversed in reverse order and a "finish time" is assigned ... Read More
Numpy is a powerful Python library that serves to handle large, multi-dimensional arrays. However, when printing large numpy arrays, the interpreter often truncates the output to save space and shows only a few elements of that array. In this article, we will show how to print a full Numpy array without truncation. To understand the problem statement properly, consider the below example: Input aray = np.arange(1100) Output [ 0 1 2 ... 1097 1098 1099] In the above example, we have created an array with 1100 elements. When ... Read More
While presenting or explaining some facts using Pandas DataFrame, we might need to highlight important rows and columns of the given data that help in making them more appealing, explainable and visually stunning. One way of highlighting the Pandas DataFrame's specific columns is by using the built-in method apply(). Python Program to Highlight Pandas DataFrame using apply() Before jumping to the example program directly, it is necessary to discuss the basics of Pandas and apply(). Pandas It is an open-source Python library that is mainly used for data analysis and manipulation. It can handle both relational ... Read More
While presenting or explaining some facts and figures using Pandas DataFrame, we might need to highlight important rows and columns of the given data that help in making them more appealing, easier to understand and visually stunning. One way of highlighting the Pandas DataFrame's specific columns is by using the built-in method applymap(). Python Program to Highlight Pandas DataFrame using applymap() To understand the code properly, we need to discuss the basics of Pandas and applymap(): Pandas It is an open-source Python library that is mainly used for data analysis and manipulation. It can handle ... Read More
In this article, we will explore the problem of finding the longest substring in a given string that contains K distinct vowels. The problem can be solved using different algorithms in C++. This problem is commonly encountered in the field of computer science, particularly in text processing and natural language processing tasks. It tests one's ability to manipulate strings and handle edge cases. Syntax In the realm of C++, the class std::string epitomizes a string datatype. This versatile entity enables storage and manipulation of character sequences. The template class std::vector embodies a dynamic array, granting the ability to resize arrays ... Read More
String manipulation is an essential skill in programming, as it helps us process and analyze text data efficiently. C++ provides a rich set of string manipulation functions and objects, making it easier to work with text data. In this article, we will discuss how to reverse a string according to the number of words in C++. Approaches Approach 1 − Using stringstreams and vectors Approach 2 − Using substrings and string manipulation functions Syntax String object in C++: The std::string class is a part of the C++ Standard Library and provides various string manipulation functions. String manipulation functions: ... Read More
In the realm of C++ programming, it is possible to replace every character of a specified string with a symbol whose ASCII value is elevated by a factor of K compared to the original character. This can be accomplished through the implementation of a straightforward algorithmic technique. This piece delves into the syntax, the algorithm, and two distinct methods to address the problem, complete with code illustrations in C++. Syntax To substitute every character in a string with a character whose ASCII value is multiplied by K, the syntax is as follows − string replace(string str, int K); Here, ... Read More
A dynamic multi-stack is a remarkable data structure that possesses the capacity to store elements in numerous stacks, with an ever-changing quantity of stacks. It can be a daunting task to implement K stacks utilizing only one data structure. In this instructional guide, we shall investigate two distinct techniques to execute dynamic multi-stack (K stacks) using C++. The initial technique employs an array to stock the elements, along with two additional arrays to monitor the topmost and following indices of the stacks. The secondary technique employs a vector of nodes to stock the elements, along with a vector to keep ... Read More
Python provides a powerful library named Matplotlib that creates visual representations in the form of plots and graphs. One of the many features of this library is the ability to plot multiple lines in a single graph that are useful in comparing data sets or visualizing trends over time. We are going to explore the built-in method named 'plot()' that is used for plotting multiple lines in Python Matplotlib. Python Program to Plot Multiple lines in Matplotlib Before jumping to the program directly, let's familiarize ourselves with some basic concepts of Python that will help us ... Read More