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Floating point operators and associativity in Java
Following programs shows the float arithmetic can cause dubious result if integer values are used using float variables.
Example
public class Tester {
public static void main(String[] args) {
float a = 500000000;
float b = -500000000;
float c = 1;
float sumabc1 = a+(b+c);
float sumabc2 =(a+b)+c;
System.out.println("Floating Point Arithmetic");
System.out.println("a + ( b + c ) : " + sumabc1);
System.out.println("(a + b) + c : " + sumabc2);
float sumbc = b + c;
float sumab = a + b;
System.out.println("b + c : " + sumbc);
System.out.println("a + b : " + sumab);
int a1 = 500000000;
int b1 = -500000000;
int c1 = 1;
int sumabc11 = a1+(b1+c1);
int sumabc21 =(a1+b1)+c1;
System.out.println("Integer Arithmetic");
System.out.println("a + ( b + c ) : " + sumabc11);
System.out.println("(a + b) + c : " + sumabc21);
int sumbc1 = b1 + c1;
int sumab1 = a1 + b1;
System.out.println("b + c : " + sumbc1);
System.out.println("a + b : " + sumab1);
}
}Output
Floating Point Arithmetic a + ( b + c ) : 0.0 (a + b) + c : 1.0 b + c : -5.0E8 a + b : 0.0 Integer Arithmetic a + ( b + c ) : 1 (a + b) + c : 1 b + c : -499999999 a + b : 0
Here you can see that a + ( b + c ) is not same as (a + b) + c in float arithmetic.
The reason behind the same is the rounding off of the result because of floating point arithmetic. b + c results in -500000000 instead of -499999999 whereas the same in integer arithmetic yield the desired result.
Updated on: 21-Jun-2020
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