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How does a dynamo generate electrical energy?
A dynamo is a device that creates direct current electric power using electromagnetism. It is also known as an electrical generator.
Basically, it is a DC generator, i.e. an electrical machine which converts mechanical power into direct current electrical power. It consists of 3 major components: the stator, the armature, and the commutator.
The basic principle in the working of a dynamo is, the changing of magnetic flux in a conductor induces emf.
A dynamo consists of a coil attached to a small turbine fitted with a plastic cap, which is placed between the North and the South poles of two permanent magnets. When the coil is stationary no voltage is induced, but as the coil rotates, the magnetic field changes continuously due to which the current is induced in the coil.
In the first half of the rotation, the left side of the coil moves from the North pole of the left magnet, whereas in the second half of the rotation, the coil moves from the South pole of the right magnet. During these rotations, two polarities are possible: positive and negative. The changes between these two polarities are known as alternating voltage.
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